Christian History Home > 1995
Murder comes to the Archbishop
The Scottish Reformation began with the assassination of the highest church official in the land – Cardinal David Beaton, archbishop of St. Andrews. It was an act of revenge for Beaton’s execution of George Wishart. Here is one historian’s crisp descripti
Stewart Lamont
Life as a Galley Slave
Because of his beliefs, Knox suffered this punishment for 19 months. What was it like?
Stewart Lamont
John Knox: Did You Know?
Little-known and remarkable facts about John Knox’s life and times.
Kevin Dale Miller
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: Did You Know?
Little-known and remarkable facts about Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation.
the Editors
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: From the Editor - Ordinary Hero
Mark Galli
Courage When It Counted
Thomas Cranmer was the most cautious, even indecisive, of reformers—until his final hour.
Mark Galli is managing editor of Christian History.
Why Queen Mary Was Bloody
And why her persecution of Protestants failed
David Loades is professor of history at the University of Wales, Bangor. He is author of The Reign of Mary Tudor (London, 1991).
A Tale of Two Martyrs
The burning of Reformers Nicholas Ridley and Hugh Latimer
Destroying the Monasteries
Where was Thomas Cranmer during this unscrupulous chapter in the English Reformation?
Paul Ayris is head of IT services at the Cambridge University Library. He is co-editor of Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar (Boydell & Brewer, 1993).
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: A Gallery - Reform from on High
The English Reformation, more than others, was the work of the principalities and powers.
Don Alban, Jr., is editor of Power for Living, published by Scripture Press.
The English Reformation's Most Famous Martyrs
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: Christian History Timeline
Rudolph Heinze is vice-principal and tutor of church history at Oak Hill College, London. He is author of The Proclamations of Tudor Kings (Cambridge, 1976).
Catholic Counterpoint
What was it like to be on the losing side of England's Reformation?
Dennis Martin
Acrobat Theologian
It's not easy to take a balanced view of doctrines like predestination and Communion—but Cranmer did.
Gerald Bray is Anglican professor of divinity at Beeson Divinity School, Birmingham, Alabama. He is editor of Documents of the English Reformation (Fortress, 1994).
The Most Healthful Medicine
Why, and how, everyone should read the Bible
Thomas Cramner
Unmatched Masterpiece
The cadences of Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer continue to nurture Christians worldwide.
Roger Beckwith is acting warden of Latimer House at Oxford University. He is author of The Service of Holy Communion and Its Revision (Marcham, 1972).
Perfect Words for the Contrite Heart
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: Christian History Interview - The Tradition Continues
The distinctive legacy of Thomas Cranmer, and the Anglican "middle way" today.
an interview with Alister McGrath
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: Recommended Resources
John Booty is a historiographer with the General Convention of the Episcopal Church in Center Sandwich, New Hampshire.
Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: History in the Making - Longhairs for Jesus
It scandalized many Christians and made Time magazine—so, like whatever happened to the Jesus Movement?
Jon Trott is a senior editor with Cornerstone magazine and has been a member of Chicago's JPUSA since 1977.
The Apostle Paul and His Times: Did You Know?
Little-known and remarkable facts about Paul and his times.
Marvin R. Wilson is professor of biblical and theological studies at Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts. He is author of Our Father Abraham: Jewish Roots to the Christian Faith (Eerdmans, 1989).
The Apostle Paul and His Times: From the Editor - Putting Paul in His Place
Mark Galli
Boundary Breaker
Paul of Tarsus crossed all types of barriers to gain followers for Jesus of Nazareth.
James D. Smith III, pastor of Clairemont Emmanuel Baptist Church and adjunct professor of church history at Bethel Seminary—West, both in San Diego, California, is an adviser for Christian History.
Stench, Pain, and Misery
Life in a Roman Prison.
John McRay is professor of New Testament and archaeology, Wheaton College (IL).
On the Road With Paul
The ease—and dangers—of travel in ancient world.
Edwin M. Yamauchi is professor of history at Miami (Ohio) University. He is co-author (with Richard Pierard and Robert Clouse) of The Two Kingdoms: The Church and Culture Throughout the Ages (Moody, 1993).
Into the Heart of Paganism
Why did Paul, the traveling missionary, set down roots in Corinth and Ephesus?
Dan Cole is professor of religion at Lake Forest College in Illinois and an editor with Biblical Archeology Review.
From Child-Killing to Mysticism
Four examples of the pluralistic challenge that Paul faced
The Editors
The Apostle Paul and His Times: A Gallery of Paul's Inner Circle
What happened to the people who worked most closely with him?
Mary Ann Jeffreys is editorial coordinator for Christian History.
The Real Writer of Romans
The important but little-known figure behind the apostle.
Gary Burge is associate professor of New Testament, Wheaton College (IL).
The Apostle Paul and His Times: Christian History Timeline
Janet Meyer Everts is associate professor of religion, Hope College, Holland, Michigan.
Dates to Debate
Why it's difficult to date Paul's life
Janet Meyer Everts is associate professor of religion, Hope College, Holland, Michigan.
Bald, Blind & Single?
Answers to some of the most puzzling questions about Paul
by STEPHEN M. MILLER [STEPHEN M. MILLER Stephen Miller is a free-lance writer and former editor of Illustrated Bible Life. He is a consulting editor for Christian History.]
Subversive Conservative
How could Paul communicate his radical message to those threatened by it?
Craig Keener is professor of New Testament at Hood Theological Seminary in Salisbury, North Carolina. He is author of Paul, Women, and Wives (Hendrickson, 1992), and The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (InterVarsity, 1993).
Legacy of Liberty
Paul's teachings on grace and freedom have shaken the church in every age.
F.F. Bruce was professor of biblical criticism and exegesis at the University of Manchester, England, until his death in 1990.
The Natural Supernatural
To Paul and the early church, religious experiences were commonplace.
An interview with Gordon Fee
The Apostle Paul and His Times: Recommended Resources
Editor's Choice
Mark Galli
The Apostle Paul and His Times: History in the Making - Billy Graham Had a Dream
Enthusiasm for racial reconciliation has never been so high among American evangelicals. Why?
Edward Gilbreath is assistant editor of Christianity Today magazine.
Synagogue Life
by JOHN MCRAY John McRay is professor of New Testament and archaeology, Wheaton College (IL).
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: From the Editor - The Hard-To-Like Knox
Mark Galli, Managing Editor
Preacher of Revolution
John Knox provoked rulers, incited riots, and inspired a reformation in Scotland.
R. Tudur Jones is professor of history at Bangor University, Wales. He is author of The Great Reformation (1985).
The Prophet Pleads Guilty
The fiery reformer was keenly aware of his own shortcomings.
Knox's Shocking Politics
Knox believed Christians should rebel against "idolatrous" governments. Why?
Richard G. Kyle is professor of history and religion at Tabor College, Hillsboro, Kansas. He is author of The Mind of John Knox (Coronado, 1984).
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: Christian History Timeline - Journeying with John Knox
Roger Mason is professor of history at St. Andrews University in Scotland. He is editor of John Knox on Rebellion (Cambridge, 1994).
Demanding Faith
The Scots Confession is not for the faint of heart.
Ian Hazlett is senior lecturer in ecclesiastical history at the University of Glasgow, Scotland.
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: Christian History Map Room - Centers of Ferment
Key cities for Knox and the Scottish Reformation
The Editors
The First Scandal
How church discipline was handled in Reformed Scotland.
Jasper Ridley is author of John Knox (Oxford, 1968), from which this article is excerpted with permission.
Worship Before and After
How the reformers radically changed Christian worship in Scotland.
James Kirk is professor in the department of Scottish history at the University of Glasgow. He is author of Patterns of Reform: Continuity and Change in the Reformation (T.&T. Clark, 1989).
Sunday in Reformed Scotland
Protestant services were lean and (to some) mean.
The Editors
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: A Gallery of Martyrs and Architects
The Scottish Reformation needed both—here are five who helped it succeed.
J. Stephen Lang is a writer and editor living in Richmond, Virginia. He is co-author of Dates with Destiny (Revell, 1990).
Knox's Curious Attitude Toward Women
Did Knox despise or admire the fairer sex? It depends.
Robert Healey is emeritus professor of history at the University of Dubuque Theological Seminary.
The Delight of a Woman's Company
The Folly of Women's Leadership
Life Shall Devour Death
Scotland's great Reformation preacher comforts a troubled congregation.
John Knox
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: Christian History Interview - Prophet Without Honor?
Why many are tempted to disown Knox, and why we shouldn't.
a conversation with David F. Wright
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: Recommended Resources
Iain Torrance is a lecturer in divinity at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. He is co-editor of the Scottish Journal of Theology.
John Knox and the Scottish Reformation: History in the Making - It Seemed So Innocent and Good
Many Christians unknowingly helped build the first atomic bomb.
Richard Pierard is professor of history at Indiana State University. He is co-author of the church history overview, Two Kingdoms: The Church and Culture through the Ages (Moody, 1993).
Camp Meetings and Circuit Riders: Did You Know?
Little Known Facts about Camp Meetings and Circuit Riders
Timothy K. Beougher is assistnat professor of evangelism at the Wheaton Graduate School and associate director for education programs at the Institute of Evangelism at the Billy Graham Center in Wheaton, Illinois.
Christianity on the Early American Frontier: From the Editor - Religion Untamed
by MARK GALLI
Revival at Cane Ridge
What exactly happened at the most important camp meeting in American history?
Mark Galli is managing editor of Christian History.
Piercing Screams and Heavenly Smiles
An eyewitness account of signs and wonders at early camp meetings.
Barton W. Stone
A Bird's-Eye View of a Camp Meeting
the Editors
Wrestling with God and Man
Dramatic accounts from the frontier's most popular autobiography.
Peter Cartwright
Holy, 'Knock-'Em-Down' Preachers
by JOHN H. WIGGER John H. Wigger is assistant professor of history at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota.
Christianity on the Early American Frontier: A Gallery of Trendsetters in the Religious Wilderness
by DAVID L. GOETZ David Goetz is associate editor of Leadership, a journal for church leaders.
Christianity on the Early American Frontier: Christian History Timeline
Keith J. Hardman is professor of philosophy and religion at Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania. He is author of Charles Grandison Finney: 1792–1875 (Syracuse, 1987) and a member of the Christian History advisory board.
Counter-Culture Christianity
A look at the radical utopian communities that sprang up across the early frontier.
Bruce L. Shelley is senior professor of church history at Denver Seminary. He is author of many books, including All the Saints Adore Thee: Insight from Christian Classics (Baker, 1994). He is an editorial advisor to Christian History.
Rejecting the Negro Pew
As revival religion blossomed, so did the independent black church.
Wesley Roberts
All Sins Swept Away
A slave describes her delayed but dramatic conversion.
Focus on the Frontier Family
How Methodists strengthened the Christian home—and changed it.
Gregory Schneider is a professor in the department of behavioral science at Pacific Union College in Angwin, California. He is author of The Way of the Cross Leads Home: The Domestication of American Methodism (Indiana, 1993).
The Great Spirit Descends
A stirring camp meeting among Native Americans.
James B. Finley
Christianity on the Early American Frontier: Christian History Interview - Revivals That Changed a Nation
Frontier faith captured the heart of the common person—and molded America's character.
a conversation with Nathan O. Hatch
Christianity on the Early American Frontier: Recommended Resources
Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., is professor of history at the University of California, Irvine. His most recent book is Archibald Grimke: Portrait of a Black Independent (LSU, 1993).
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