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Fundamentalism was a broad movement that arose from and sustained itself in a variety of sub-movements in conservative Christianity.

This chart suggests some of the relationships and "families" within fundamentalism. Naturally the relationships were much more complicated in history than can be expressed in a simple chart, so, see notes on the next page for explanations.

—Bob Jones IV

Bob Jones IV is a graduate student at the University of Notre Dame.

Arose out of pre-Civil War revivalism and stressed a deeper work of the Holy Spirit beyond conversion. It took two forms.

Wesleyan
National Camp Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness. An outgrowth of Phoebe Palmer's New York City "Tuesday Meetings," holiness camp meetings stressed a dramatic "second blessing" that brought freedom from sin.

Church of God (Anderson). A precursor to the numerous Church of God denominations springing from the Azusa Street Revivals.

Christian & Missionary Alliance. Founded by A. B. Simpson, who left the Presbyterian Church under the influence of holiness teachings. Later Pentecostals would claim Simpson as an evangelical forebear of the tongues movement.

Reformed
Keswick meetings. Institutionalized around the time of Moody's British campaigns, Keswick holiness stressed repeated "filling with" and "surrender to" the Holy Spirit to attain victory over sin.

Northfield Conference. The Bible conference started by Moody in 1880 increasingly emphasized Spirit-filling, especially after F. B. Meyer's arrival from Britain in 1891.

Student Volunteer Movement. This mission board sent Spirit-filled young people to carry the gospel around the world.

Gordon College. Founder A. J. Gordon was diffident on dispensationalism but a vocal champion of Keswick holiness.

Victorious Life Testimony conferences. After accepting Keswick holiness teachings in 1910, Charles Trumbull, editor of the widely-circulated Sunday School Times, founded this conference, which eventually settled in Keswick Grove, New Jersey.

Columbia Bible College. Founded by Trumbull follower Robert McQuilkin in Columbia, South Carolina, to promote Keswick holiness teaching.

Pentecostalism
Azusa Street revival. Led by William Seymour, a holiness preacher, these revivals insisted that spirit baptism, as evidenced by speaking in tongues, was the universal sign of a sanctified life.

Assemblies of God. The first effort to organize the many churches founded in the wake of the Azusa Street revivals.

International Church of the Four-Square Gospel. Founded by evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson, who had earlier withdrawn her membership from the Assemblies of God.

John Nelson Darby. The British originator of the dispensational system of interpreting Scripture.

Prophetic Times. A widely-read newspaper that interpreted current events in light of dispensational understandings of prophecy.

Niagara Bible Conference. This long-running conference did for dispensationalism in America what the Northfield Conference did for teaching on the Holy Spirit.

Moody Bible Institute. The Chicago Bible school perpetualized (especially through its press) two of the evangelist's main emphases: the Spirit-filled life and dispensationalism. Also helped keep missions and evangelism central.

Scofield Reference Bible. First published in 1909, the Scofield Bible's marginal notes raised both dispensationalism and Keswick holiness teaching to a level of near-inspiration.

Bible Institute of Los Angeles. A headquarters for West Coast fundamentalism. Funded specifically to teach a dispensational hermeneutic. R. A. Torrey was first dean.

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