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Contrary to the view that large cities in America are spiritual wastelands, recent research on the country's Protestant congregations reveals that about half of the 40 fastest-growing ones are in major cities.

The more familiar facts, however, point to the slow decline and death of many historic urban congregations. The problems of older center-city congregations have overwhelmed their resources and abilities. For many of these churches, there have been dramatic changes in their neighborhood's ethnic mix and a decline in theological distinctivenes. Some of these churches have become community-unfriendly, commuter congregations with an out-of-touch membership.

One critical choice confronting urban congregations has been answering the question: Stay or relocate? And the good news for city dwellers is that more churches are suppressing their instinct to flee, seeing themselves called to minister in "the new urban frontier."

Yet urban churches cannot do the job alone. Three groups of ministry partners--suburban churches, parachurch organizations, and denominational agencies--should come alongside the inner-city church. In Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, and other cities, urban churches are partnering with these other organizations to create community-friendly congregations. In addition, church members are in some cases relocating and rehabbing inner-city neighborhoods, thereby grasping the possibilities for renewed urban communities.

Inner-city churches and ministries need more people like Bob Lupton of Atlanta's Summerhill neighborhood. His vision for "re-neighboring" a poverty-stricken area of Atlanta has spawned new ministries and housing, and revitalized church outreach. Although all Christians have a clear imperative to love their neighbors, few are willing to make the costly sacrifice of uprooting their own families and relocating to a city neighborhood as the Luptons have done. Yet, those who do undertake this ministry deserve stronger encouragement and support from other believers.

What will center-city churches need to do to reverse decline and begin to grow?

Recently, a group of church leaders and church-growth experts gathered in inner-city Aurora, Illinois, to develop new ideas for growing their center-city congregations. To their credit, they affirmed the necessity of a center-city congregation embracing an orthodox Christian identity, fully integrating evangelism and social concern, and setting its focus outward toward the lost.

Beyond the need for new coalitions and community redevelopment lies a bigger and perhaps more difficult challenge: Urban church leaders must realize the opportunity to stimulate an internal spiritual renaissance within their own walls. Attitudes and perspectives need a thorough transformation.

Those inner-city congregations that are flourishing in the 1990s have shown a willingness to adjust to contemporary realities. Church leaders in some cases are moving away from growth-inhibiting dependencies toward growth-stimulating interdependence. Growing center-city churches examine their corporate relationships to be certain they are not inappropriately dependent on denominational bureaucracy, endowment funds, or their own clergy. Through the Vision Chicago inner-city effort, church leaders are dismantling urban-suburban barriers and partnering in ministry across denominational lines, thereby building community interdependence.

For some, loyalties to self-limiting, cultural traditions impair their growth. When churches refocus on the core Christian traditions, the transforming power of the gospel becomes unfettered. But, as church-growth expert Lyle Schaller points out in his book "Center City Churches," unless churches transcend many of their European cultural traditions, they will remain unresponsive to change.

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January 8 1996, Vol. 40, No. 1