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Devoted Swiss Calvinist; founded the International Committee of the Red Cross; shared the award with Frederic Passy, French founder and president of the first French peace society.

Pacifist Italian and a practicing but anticlerical Catholic; president of the Lombard League of Peace.

U.S. President and a Presbyterian; founder of the League of Nations.

Primate of the Church of Sweden and Archbishop of Uppsala; leader of the ecumenical movement.

Methodist lay preacher from Britain; chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference of 1932–34.

High-church Church of England writer; founder of the International Peace Campaign.

American; chairman of the first International Missionary Council and president of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations; promoted Christ-based student movements and associations for peace; shared the award with Emily Greene Balch, honorary international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

These Quaker organizations shared the award for the spirit in which they carried out postwar relief efforts and for previous peace promotion.

Alsace-born missionary surgeon; founded the Lambaréné Hospital in the Republic of Gabon.

Belgian Father of the Dominican Order; leader of a relief organization for refugees.

British Member of Parliament and Quaker; devoted his life to international peace and cooperation.

Practicing Christian and advocate of nonviolent passive resistance; president of the African National Congress.

Swedish Secretary General of the United Nations; kept a private journal on the Lordship of Christ in his life; received the award posthumously.

Campaigner for civil rights.

Catholic and Protestant women whose passion for peace united multitudes on both sides of the Northern Ireland conflict.

Born in Yugoslavia of Albanian parents; cared for hundreds of thousands of the poor as leader of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity in India.

Argentinian artist and human-rights leader; coordinated nonviolence movements based "on faith in Christ and in humankind."

Devout Roman Catholic; founder of the Solidarity labor movement in Poland; campaigned for human rights.

Anglican bishop of Johannesburg at the time of the award; later archbishop of Cape Town and former secretary general of the South African Council of Churches; played a key role in dismantling apartheid in South Africa.

President of Costa Rica whose faith in God helped sustain his efforts to initiate peace negotiations in Central America.

President of the U.S.S.R. who helped bring the Cold War to a close has acknowledged the Russian Orthodox influence on his philosophy of human rights and international relations.

The former is a lifelong Methodist and the latter professes belief in the Trinity; two otherwise diametrically opposed figures who united to set South Africa on a nonviolent path toward majority rule.

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December 4 2000, Vol. 44, No. 14