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More than eight months of renewed conflict between armed Palestinians and Israelis have dampened not only Holy Land tourism but also this summer's archaeological excavations. Almost daily network news reports of hostilities have raised safety questions for college students, who normally do most of the digging, and for their parents. About half of the planned excavations this summer have been canceled.

Few of the areas where major dig sites exist, however, are in imminent danger. Caesarea Philippi, also known as Banias, is in the northern Golan Heights, not far from the Lebanese border. Ashkelon, on the Mediterranean coast, and Sepphoris, near Nazareth in Galilee, are miles from areas of hostility. Yet field work at all three excavations has been scrapped for the summer.

Israeli archaeologist Ze'ev Weiss, who is in charge of the Sepphoris work, canceled the 2001 dig after receiving few applications. "I hope that the situation in Israel will improve in the coming months and that we will be able to conduct a full-scale excavation in the summer of 2002," Weiss says.

A notice on the Web site of the Harvard-sponsored Ashkelon dig notes that the U.S. Department of State has warned American citizens to avoid travel to Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. "After consultation with other archaeologists and upon the advice of the Harvard University General Counsel, we are at this time canceling the 2001 field season for Ashkelon," organizers say on the site.

Meanwhile, excavations at Tel Rehov, a Jordan River valley mound near Beit She'an, have been scaled back from six to four weeks.

Although the number of visitors is down—off 49 percent in February from a year ago, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics—many people still travel safely in Israel. Some 3 million tourists visit Israel annually, nearly all without incident.

Under areas partially controlled by the Palestinian Authority, hostile interaction between Israeli forces and Palestinians has been limited to a relatively few areas, including Ramallah, Bethlehem, and Gaza. Suicide bombings, however, occur in scattered locations inside Israel. More than 500 people, mostly Palestinians, have been killed since the latest uprising in September.

Still, Ron Tappy, a Pittsburgh Theological Seminary professor, anticipates a fruitful summer at Zayit, just east of Ashkelon. "The political situation has certainly been an issue for us and has prompted us to take certain precautions this year. Both our site and the kibbutz where we live while in Israel are in one of the safest parts of the country, and my constant reports from there say that all is well," Tappy says.

"The political situation in Israel has affected our enrollment, but we have no plans to amend the season in any way," says Wendy Chiarbos of the University of Nebraska-Omaha, administrator of an excavation at Bethsaida.

A consortium of Israeli and American institutions usually runs each of the major archaeological excavations in Israel today. These institutions have grown heavily dependent on an annual influx of college students as workers and understandably cautious parents as financial underwriters for the often expensive operations.

It's too early to write off the summer completely. Even before the hostilities resumed, leaders of several other major excavations, such as a new project at Megiddo, had already planned to take the summer off. Archaeologists, with unexpected time on their hands, are allowing their often tardy paperwork to catch up with their digging.

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July 8 2001, Vol. 45, No. 9