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For three days, fighting raged in and around the church, where 45 Palestinian children huddled for safety. Early in the morning on August 28, the Israeli army invaded the church compound as they fought with Palestinian militants. The forces withdrew early in the morning on August 30 in the face of international condemnation.

At the height of the fighting, the pastor, Jadallah Shihadeh, conducted media interviews, while outside the building Palestinians fired guns and threw homemade bombs at Israeli troops, who responded with tank and machine-gun fire.

"We couldn't sleep for days," said the pastor, who faced a threatened walkout by frightened staff. "The children were terrified. All of us we were terrified and we have lost our nerves."

Observing a temporary cease-fire, Israeli troops withdrew from Beit Jala. Israeli Defence Minister Binyamin Ben Eliezer warned that he would order his forces back into the town if Palestinian attacks resumed on the nearby Jewish neighbourhood of Gilo, built on land annexed by Israel from the West Bank.

But Shihadeh said that even if this happened, he would stay to protect the children, who are both Christian and Muslim. "Whatever happens, it is my responsibility as a pastor to stay with the children," he said. "They are Palestinian children, they lost their parents. They come from a very, very difficult situation."

He said that Israel had misjudged the situation badly by entering Beit Jala. All that Palestinians desired was their own state, he said, in which they could live in peace side-by-side with the Jewish State.

As the pastor spoke, Palestinian gunmen outside the church moved into an open street to shoot at Israeli soldiers. They quickly ducked back into doorways to shelter from the firestorm they received in return.

One Palestinian gunman identified himself as a member of the military wing of Fatah, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's faction of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). Holding a pipe bomb that he later hurled at Israeli soldiers, he said he was not afraid to die for the cause of liberating Beit Jala from military occupation.

He said that his wife, who was nursing their newborn son, encouraged him to fight, declaring she wished she could have been at his side. "For Muslims and Arabs, Jihad (holy war) is more important than family and our children," he said. "For us the land equals our children, and we defend them."

As an Israeli tank approached, the Palestinian riflemen ran for cover, and waited for another opportunity to fire back at the enemy.

It remains uncertain whether the Palestinian militants will abide by an understanding reached between Israeli and Palestinian political leaders to observe a local truce.

Bishara Daoud, a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council, and a resident of Beit Jala, did not believe any cease-fire would hold as long as Israel continued to occupy areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

He said that Beit Jala had not been truly liberated even when it was first handed over to Palestinian self-rule six years ago, because Israeli troops had remained on the outskirts of the town.

"I think we still are facing the occupation itself, no withdrawal for the Israelis, even when they took this step to enter again Area A [denoting a Palestinian self-rule area] in Beit Jala," he said. "It doesn't mean that Beit Jala had been liberated completely because we could not control our sky or the [ground]."

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September (Web-only) 2001, Vol. 45