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Some Hindus are challenging that right. In October in Tamil Nadu, the state government passed what the AICC calls "a draconian anti-conversion ordinance." The law bans conversions by "force, allurement, or fraudulent means." The AICC says authorities have used similar terminology to harass Christians in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh. Those found guilty could face stiff fines or up to three years in prison.

The AICC called a nationwide nonviolent protest of the new law on October 19, holding a rally in Chennai, which is Tamil Nadu's largest city. More than 3,000 Christian institutions participated. The Christian council also says it will challenge the law in the state supreme court.

Observers say the law was prompted by the conversion of 250 Dalits during an August series of services at a Seventh-day Adventist church in Madurai, the state's second largest city. Such group conversions always spark controversy in India despite the constitutional right to change religion. Hindu radicals say Christians use force and bribery to get poor Dalits to convert.

Dalit leader Raj dismisses such allegations. "Dalits are targeted, raped, murdered, and exploited, not by the Christians, but by the upper caste," Raj said. "Should scavengers and untouchables say with pride, We are Hindus? The Vishwa Hindu Parishad and other fundamentalists ask for dialogue with Christians on conversions. Why don't they ask Dalits. … why [they] are converting?"

Christian leaders scoff at charges of bribery. They point out that Dalits who become Christians lose government-sponsored educational and employment benefits. Dayal says that Christians, one of India's poorest communities, are in no position to bribe anyone. "We can't induce, can't offer money, can't force," he said.

Howell recalls the story of several Dalits who approached a local bishop, asking to become Christians. When he told them they would lose their benefits, they said, "Christ has accepted us in his bosom, and we are not interested in the benefits given by the government."

Howell foresees many hopeful signs. "Dalits have realized if they organize they can have political power," he said. "It is a liberation movement through changing faith, and it will continue and have good consequences."

Dayal agrees. "All Dalits would leave Hinduism to lead a life of dignity. Why should we deny them a chance?"

Sekar is pleased with his choice. "I was not allowed to go near the upper-caste families. In Christianity, I found dignity and freedom. There was no other way."

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December 9 2002, Vol. 46, No. 13