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February 13, 2012

Home > 2008 > February (Web-only)Christianity Today, February (Web-only), 2008
THEOLOGY IN THE NEWS
Redeeming the Memory of the Holocaust
French president's plan shows promise but carries a potential problem.




In less than a year as the president of France, Nicolas Sarkozy has consistently grabbed sensational headlines. Twice divorced, Sarkozy married a popular singer and former model in December 2007. More scandalous for France, he talks often about God, leaving some to believe he threatens the nation's strict separation of church and state.

Sarkozy's most recent controversy touches another nerve made sensitive by France's history. Last week he announced that every fifth-grader will learn about a French child killed by the Nazis during the Holocaust. The idea sounds rather innocuous to American ears, given the popularity of Anne Frank's diary. But to some critics, Sarkozy's plan will only disturb children. And they worry about how the growing population of Muslim immigrants will react. But there is another reason for caution: France has a troubled history of anti-Semitism. For centuries, Christians in France and other European countries lashed out at their Jewish neighbors in pogroms, ostensibly because the Jews killed Christ.

Then, decades before Hitler blamed Jews for all of Germany's problems, France endured the Dreyfus affair. Alfred Dreyfus, a French military officer who was Jewish, was wrongfully convicted of treason in 1894. The Roman Catholic Church's criticism of Dreyfus, later released from jail, eventually led to legislation that further marginalized Christianity.

During World War II, France's powerful army suffered a strangely quick defeat to the Nazis. With the help of France's Vichy government, the Nazis eventually killed some 80,000 French Jews. Even today, French anti-Semitism can be potent. Remembering the Holocaust in France picks at a still-fresh scab.

Sarkozy's plan builds on the shared Jewish and Christian belief that memory is essential. God repeatedly calls the Israelites to remember "the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt" (Deut. 8:14). This act humbles them. Forgetting is unfaithful. New Testament leaders are called to remember the Cross and Resurrection (1 Cor. 15:1-4), which supplant the Exodus as the ultimate acts of redemption. Memory also serves to warn believers. The Old and New Testaments alike tell readers to remember and heed the experience of the generation that disobeyed God and wandered in the wilderness (Deut. 8:19; Heb. 3).

Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel has devoted his life to preaching the message that memory guards us against repeating the sins of the past. He has turned his memories of the Auschwitz death camp into renowned peace activism. Accepting the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, Wiesel described how he coped with losing his family to Hitler's gas chambers. After the war he found comfort in the belief that "the memory of evil will serve as a shield against evil … the memory of death will serve as a shield against death." Indeed, Wiesel exclaimed that "if anything can, it is memory that will save humanity."

Yale Divinity School theologian Miroslav Volf engages with Wiesel's beliefs in his book The End of Memory: Remembering Rightly in a Violent World. Like Wiesel, Volf sees a crucial purpose for memory. "Memory ought to serve that grand vision of reconciliation God is working to create — as Jonathan Edwards has said — the 'world of perfect love,' love of God and love of neighbor," he told me in a CT interview.

Still, memory doesn't always work this way. Such was the case in Volf's native Croatia, torn apart by national enmity no one would forget. He writes in The End of Memory, "And so it happens with public remembering: the protective shield of memory often morphs into a vicious sword, and the just sword of memory often severs the very good it seeks to defend."





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Displaying 1–5 of 10 comments

Millie

February 27, 2008  8:44am

There are museums because more Jews were targeted and died. In many cases, Jewish people built the museums. I also feel that Jewish people in Israel are not being fair to Palestine, but nonetheless this does not take away from the fact that my Christian Jewish grandmother and aunt died in Auschwitz for no other reason than that they ethnically Jewish which was enough for Hitler's atrocities. My grandfather was killed. My dad was in a forced labor camp, and survived but lost his mom, dad and sister at 20 years of age. His family was protestant supporters of Jan Hus, the martyr who died trying to do the same thing that Martin Luther did. My cousin, who is Catholic, looks sadly at her dad's name on the memorial wall, and says, "He was a better Catholic than I am." Yes, many Christians (Orthodox, Catholic & Protestant) also died because they refused to go along with Hitler. People considered "defective" like physically handicapped and mentally ill, as well as homosexuals were killed.

David Nix

February 25, 2008  4:07pm

It would be wise of us to also remember that others groups suffered horribly at the hands of the Nazi Party. The first were the disabled, both mentally and physically, to be gassed. While I cannot agree with their politics, the German communists certainly did not deserve to be sent to the Concentration Camps, and they were the first to be sent to them. No one did. Also, the almost universally hated Sinti & Roma (Gypsy) people were practically wiped out by the Nazi. None of that detracts from the horror of the millions of Jews that died, but these others too should not be forgotten, and frequently are. The Jews are significant to us, as Christians, from a religious and historical point of view. Unfortunately, there are many other peoples in the world today that suffer current genocide in progress. God loves all the people of the world and wants them to find salvation in Christ and peace in this life, as much as possible. Yes, let us remember and pray and take action when we can.

Irving Hexham

February 25, 2008  12:58pm

While Collin Hansen has written an interesting article about French reactions to the Holocaust and Nazi occupation the Editors of "Christianity Today" ought to hang their heads in shame for allowing the following statement to be published. Hansen writes "During World War II, France's powerful army suffered a strangely quick defeat to the Nazis." Anyone who knows anything about World War II knows that the French Army, as Gerhard L. Weinberg points out in his "A World At Arms," Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 127-128, was outmaneuvered and smashed. Some units broke but many fought with great bravery only to be routed by the vastly superior German armored divisions. To imply that somehow the French simply gave up because they harbored anti-Semitic sentiments is an insult to the dead someone who thinks war is a video game. It is this type of a-historical thinking that gives rise to Holocaust Denial by setting up men of straw that can easily be shown to be false.

Lorie

February 25, 2008  12:56pm

Black, white, Jew, disabled, pick someone different from yourself and there will be jealousy and controversy. Hate crimes if not exposed are then condoned. By not remembering or pointing out the sin of one's nation, or the sins of a people, then are we not apt to repeat it? I have to believe that God is all wise and has a greater purpose in all the suffering. To neglect telling the story of suffering is to neglect to tell the story of God. There is plenty of suffering in the Bible, and we can see how God's grace and redemption covers multitudes of sin. Sin is such an unpopular word, some would rather use the word issues, politics, or ignore that any iniquity and sin have ever existed. Humbling our selves and admitting that we play a role, have played a role, and need God's discernment, love, and forgiveness cannot be a bad thing. Leaders who are not ashamed to admit their country has sin and need the almighty hand of God to intervene may be described as Biblical in a good way??

bob

February 25, 2008  12:11pm

First, the Bible says that "it is not good to live in the past". Second, the Jews ceased to be "God's Chosen People" when they repeatedly broke their covenant with Him. and then ignored God's declaring that Jesus was the new covenant and his followers were the new "Chosen People". This strangely focused hatred of Jews came about not because of their history in the death of Christ but because of two factors. They chose to break their covenant with God and at the same time went about boasting how they were supposed to be His chosen people. They were an easy target for the Nazis because they were different in the same way they were and are today an easy target because they have chosen to invade Palestine claiming a divine right to take whatever they want by whatever means they want. And the Christian Americans and Canadians support this by suppling billions of dollars a years in weapons to Israel to further the bloodshed. Jesus said to love your enemies and pray for them.

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