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May 26, 2012

Home > 2011 > June (Web-only)Christianity Today, June (Web-only), 2011
The Politics of Being a Good Christian
Why there might be two "God Gaps" in America.




Political scientists often refer to a "God Gap" in American politics, noting the tendency for religious people to be more conservative and vote Republican while those who are less observant lean left and prefer the Democratic Party. "If I know whether you say grace before meals every day, I can probably predict how you vote," Notre Dame political scientist David Campbell recently told Los Angeles Times columnist Doyle McManus.

New research suggests there are actually two God Gaps. For some Christians, being more religious makes them more conservative on social issues. For others, going to church, praying, and doing other religious activities actually makes them more liberal on social justice issues.

Previous polls have shown the God Gap has been limited to social issues, issues that focus on individual morality. People who are more religious tend to hold more conservative positions on social issues like abortion and same-sex marriage, but there was no God Gap on issues like welfare, health care, or other social justice policies.

A new study finds the difference between these two types of Christians is what they think it means to be a "good Christian." For some, being a good Christian might mean greater pietism, a focus on eliminating individual sins. As these kinds of Christians become more religious, they become more conservative on issues like abortion and gay rights. For others, being a good Christian means reaching out and helping one's neighbor. These Christians take more liberal positions on social justice issues as they become more observant.

Steve Mockabee (University of Cincinnati), Ken Wald (University of Florida), and David Leege (Notre Dame) studied the God Gap with new questions on the American National Election Study, a survey sponsored by National Science Foundation.

Nearly all Christians said there had been times in their lives when they had "tried to be a good Christian" (94 percent). But Christians differed in how they tried to be a good Christian. Christians were given two choices: "avoid doing sinful things" or "help other people." Of course, many Christians try to do both, but the researchers forced them to make a choice in order to see which was most important.

Overall, one-third of Christians said they had tried to be a good Christian by sinning less, but there were differences among religious groups. Nearly half of black Protestants said being a good Christian meant sinning less compared to about four-in-ten white evangelicals who said the same thing.

The survey also asked people who thought being a good Christian meant helping others if they did so by helping people one at a time or if they worked with groups helping people. Two-thirds of Christians tried to help people one at a time. Mainline Protestants and black Protestants were more likely to try to work with groups helping many people instead of trying to help people one at a time.

The researchers found that the original God Gap may be overstated. Being more religious makes "avoiding sin" Christians more conservative on social issues like abortion, gay rights, or the role of women in society. "Helping others" Christians do not become more conservative on abortion or gay rights. In fact, these Christians become more liberal on issues related to women.

As these "helping others" Christians become more religious, they also become more liberal on issues such as aid to the poor, welfare spending, government health insurance, government aid to African-Americans, and unemployment aid. Being a more observant "avoiding sin" Christian has no affect on how they view these issues with one exception—the more religious an "avoiding sin" Christian is, the more they oppose government health insurance.

The research is being published as part of Improving Public Opinion Surveys, a Princeton University Press book coming out later this year.


Related Elsewhere:

Christianity Today covers political developments on the politics blog.





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Displaying 1–5 of 27 comments

Daniel Good

June 18, 2011  3:53am

I don't like the 'make a choice' option. There is no choice in Christianity between personal adherence to morality and reaching out to others with help and the Gospel. My experience in Judaism taught me that there's no choice there. We must be for ourselves and for others. We must obey the commandments to the best of our ability, cleave to God and work to make the world a better place. Only the secular (in the modern non-Catholic use of the word) see an either-or choice, and that is of their own making. My personal experience in becoming more religious and avoiding sin did not turn me against government health care reform. I related my experience avoiding sin, and doing teshuvah when I did sin, to the plight of others in situations where the world is not perfect and sinning is an all too easy response to injustice. The God of the Bible demands Biblical social justice. That is why I am a Progressive in the early 20th century sense.

Mike Winick

June 16, 2011  10:38pm

When we 'try' to be Christians on our own strength we come up short every time. To focus on avoiding sin is temptation in the making. We tend to do what we spend time thinking of. Focusing on helping people is good but we have to ask why we doing it? Is it to help others, or is it to be a better Christian? We should spend time each day in prayer and reading scripture. When we do that we find God talking to us, telling us where our help is needed most. In prayer we receive strength and protection from temptation and the Devil. Jesus gave us the Lord's Prayer as a guide in asking our Heavenly Father for our daily needs. Follow Jesus' example and the Holy Spirit will make us better Chirstians. Alone we can do nothing, but with God's help all things are possible.

archae ologist

June 15, 2011  4:15pm

"...researchers forced them to make a choice..." That alone disqualifies the survey and shows how researchers manipulate participants to get the answers they want. Christians should not support nor be a pat of any secular political party for their agenda is different than God's and they use the christian community to gain their own desires not God's. Christians are to be the light unto the world with God's ways but they can't be that light when it is diminished by uniting with secular ideas and proclaiming those over Jesus' words.

Joy D

June 15, 2011  1:09pm

h l, you are right, of course. But should I vote for someone whose stated policies are different from my own? Or, whose actions and statements belie his claims to be a Christian? Jesus said to love your neighbor as yourself. Everyone in government is my neighbor. Loving them doesn't mean I have to agree with them. It does mean I have to speak the truth in love; it means I have to seek good in each one before con-demning what is evil; it means I have to try to understand where they are coming from and have compassion. I can't do that. I have to look to Jesus' example and yield to His Holy Spirit, who sees what God sees and acts as Jesus acts. I am blessed when I yield. Just writing this helps me see how often I judge self-righteously. May God have mercy on all of us.

h l

June 15, 2011  2:54am

This article should be read by the many who seem to think that all Christians are at either extreme of a perceived political/economic/social spectrum, including us Christians who can often be very judgmental about those on the "other side" of the "God gap" mentioned here. If people agree with me about the primacy of the Gospel and the inerrancy of the Bible--or even the evil of abortion for that matter, that does not mean we will also agree about abortion legislation or tax policy or a myriad of other issues of the day. @Joy--one of the problems people sometimes forget about our current political climate: every representative in Congress has hundreds of thousands of constituents that he or she represents, and our senators all (except for the very smallest states) represent millions. Even when counting only those who vote for a particular winning candidate, it is impossible for that person to always express "my belief."

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