Christianity Today

Earlier this year, NPR told the story of Teresa MacBain, a United Methodist pastor who had stopped believing in God. In March, when she just couldn't keep it to herself anymore, she told the American Atheists Convention that she was one of them.

Coming out as an atheist felt good. But when she got home to Tallahassee, Florida, she discovered that a video of her coming-out speech had gone viral. Her church and community shunned her.

I was saddened but not surprised. Many people attend seminary because they are seeking answers to serious questions about the faith. When they do pastoral care, those questions become sharper.

What really caught my attention about MacBain's story was this: "I miss the music," she told NPR. "Some of the hymns, I still catch myself singing them," she said. "I mean, they're beautiful pieces of music."

After I posted a Facebook comment about the way hymns sneak up on this born-again atheist, a friend reminded me of comedian Steve Martin's comic tune, "Atheists Don't Have No Songs." At the New Orleans Jazz Festival, Martin waved a single sheet of paper and told the audience, "This is the entire atheist hymnal, right here."

Among the song's more memorable lines: "Romantics play 'Claire de Lune.' / Born agains sing, 'He is risen.' / But no one ever wrote a tune / for godless existentialism."

Martin is clever, but wrong. John Lennon wrote just such a tune in 1971. Lennon's tune for "Imagine" is indeed inspiring. But Lennon's text posits an existence with "nothing to live or die for." With no countries, no possessions, no heaven or hell, no religion, Lennon promised, the world would live as one. Not likely. Perhaps Martin was right to ignore the song.

Maybe "atheists don't have no songs," or perhaps they have two or even ten. But the early Christians didn't have many songs either. Christians were slow to develop a body of their own songs. According to Calvin R. Stapert's A New Song for an Old World: Musical Thought in the Early Church, it wasn't until the fourth century that Christian hymns came into their own. That was when Ambrose of Milan and Ephrem of Syria responded to the popular ditties of Arian heretics by writing orthodox hymns for the faithful. Ephrem wrote over 400 hymns. He titled one of his song cycles "Against Heresies." Ambrose, by contrast, wrote only 14 rhyming, metrical hymns. But he gets credit for holding the first hymn sing in history. Under military threat from the Arian mother of King Valentinus II, his people huddled in their church and at his direction strengthened their courage by singing.

Why did it take so long for hymnody to develop? As the Christian faith spread from its Jewish context, it took root in a hedonistic pagan culture. Christians reacted by emphasizing asceticism, and no early church leader was a greater champion of that path than the North African theologian Tertullian (C.A.D. 160-C. A.D. 225). He condemned his culture's music because of its strong associations with idolatry—particularly in the service of Venus and Bacchus, the deities of sex and wine—and the immorality of the theater.

Not all Christians of the time were ascetics. Clement of Alexandria (who died 10 years before Tertullian) tried to build bridges between the faith and the best of his contemporary culture. Like Tertullian, Clement saw dangers in pagan music, but rather than abandon music wholesale, he urged Christians to exchange pagan tunes for biblical psalms.

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