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Garrison Keillor, on A Prairie Home Companion, tells about Uncle Cal, a deacon at the church in fictitious Lake Wobegon. Uncle Cal evaluates his pastor's preaching this way: "It's a lot of, 'On the one hand this, on the other hand that.' He never comes out straight with it. Many a Sunday I've walked away with no idea what he said. He never puts the hay down where the goats can get it."

Yes, there are some preachers who have a lot of hay, vast amounts of exegetical information. They're theologically aware. They like to study ancient languages. They have the hay, but they don't know what the goats are talking about or thinking about. And what's worse, they don't know that they don't know the goats. Often they don't even like the goats. They would prefer not to be around goats. They forget that the first test of good teaching is not what the teacher has taught; it's what the learner has learned. They have all this wonderful hay, but they forget that they are stewards of getting hay to goats.

But there are also preachers who know the goats, and who are very clever at being able to attract lots and lots of goats. They can hold the goats' attention, but they have no hay. They have nothing of substance. It's all superficial stuff. And what's worse, they don't know that they don't have any hay.

As preachers and teachers, our job is to get the hay down where the goats can get it. That means immersing ourselves in Scripture and great writing and deep thoughts. But it also means becoming a student of the goats: learning what moves them, what their questions are, and what gives them hope.

Sermon preparation is a complex process. When I think about constructing a message, I use the metaphor of having a baby, because I believe the stages are quite similar. There's the initial conception, which is often quite a lot of fun. Then there is gestation, which is increasingly difficult. Next, there's the delivery, which can be a combination of euphoria and intense pain. And finally, there are some post-delivery details.

As I conceive a sermon and decide what to preach, I find it helpful to think in terms of whole series.

Think in series. Preaching a series allows you to go into greater depth in the text, and spending several weeks on one theme allows the teaching to be absorbed more thoroughly. I recently finished a six-month series on the book of Acts, and it was wonderful to be immersed in the early church. I think one mistake preachers often make is to cycle through material too fast. Just saying something once doesn't mean it will sink in.

Doing a series also gives you momentum. It makes your research more efficient, and spares you the Monday morning question of "What am I going to teach on next week?" It also helps give you balance, teaching through the whole counsel of God. Those things happen more readily when you plan your series in advance.

I usually try to think in terms of four-month cycles. The church year generally falls into cycles of September through December, then January through Memorial Day, and then the summer months. Each of these seasons has a different feel. If you're thinking of a series that brings a greater intellectual challenge, the fall might be best, since people are just fresher. During the summer vacation season, people tend to be in and out, so it's good to do a series that doesn't make people feel lost if they've been gone for a couple of weeks.

Gather input. I've found it really helpful, for each series, to use a focus group. I invite eight to ten people to meet for several hours, and I ask them to prepare ahead of time.

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