Editor’s Note: The new Pew survey will be explored further in the August issue of CT.
Are U.S. evangelicals losing their influence on America? A new poll released Wednesday from the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life seems to say just that, with the vast majority – 82 percent – of U.S. evangelical leaders saying their influence on the country is declining.
At the same time, their counterparts in Africa, Asia and Latin America are far more optimistic.
“There’s both a huge optimism gap and a huge influence gap in terms of the way these folks perceive things,” said Luis Lugo, director of the Pew Forum.
Researchers surveyed more than 2,000 leaders invited to attend the Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization in Cape Town, South Africa, last year.
The Rev. S. Douglas Birdsall, executive chair of the Lausanne Movement, which worked with Pew on the survey, said the U.S. pessimism is rooted in a changed culture where Billy Graham has retreated from public life and government-sponsored prayer has been banned from public schools for more than a generation.
“There was a time when there was a Ten Commandments in every classroom, there were prayers in public places,” he said. “So having gone from that position of considerable influence, even though we might actually have more influence than churches in … other parts of the world, the sense is that it’s slipping from our hands.”
The perception of declining influence comes as the nation has become both more pluralistic and more secular. The vast majority of U.S. leaders surveyed – 92 percent – called secularism a major threat to evangelical Christianity.
Some evangelical denominations are starting to acknowledge pluralism in hopes of increasing their numbers. The Southern Baptist Convention, which drew the smallest attendance since World War II at a recent meeting in Phoenix, and is grappling with declining baptism rates, has launched a plan to diversify its leadership.
Researchers also found that evangelicals are far more pessimistic than their Global South counterparts about the current and future state of evangelicalism.
About half (53 percent ) of U.S. leaders said the state of evangelicalism is worse than it was five years ago, and nearly as many (48 percent) said they expect it to grow worse in the next five years.
Birdsall is meeting with 150 Lausanne Movement leaders in Boston this week to map out steps for the next decade. He said topics will include a focus on the authenticity and integrity of evangelicals’ image, which sometimes has been besmirched by the moral failures of its leaders and overly influenced by a consumer-oriented culture.
“What can happen is that the minister becomes the communications marketing guru who knows how to appeal to various markets and so you attract people,” he said. “When you do that, you lose your prophetic voice of what it means to challenge people to be in the world but not of the world.”
Randall Balmer, a historian of American evangelicals at Barnard College, said leaders of the religious right – from the late Rev. Jerry Falwell to broadcaster Pat Robertson – promoted a “cult of victimization among evangelicals” that may have worked at the voting booth but hurt them in the larger culture.
“I think there is some waning of cultural influence,” he said, pointing to the politicizing of the movement as the reason for both greater visibility but also cultural decline.
“Like it or not, when you become politically active, you become associated with the politicians you support,” Balmer said, alluding to many evangelicals’ embrace of the GOP. “Once you begin to covet political power and influence, you lose the prophetic voice.”
Researchers found that just 18 percent of U.S. Lausanne representatives surveyed said religious leaders should stay out of political issues, compared to 78 percent who said they should express their political views.
Historian Mark Noll said there was a certain level of influence that was taken for granted by evangelicals in past decades, with Graham’s prominence and fewer concerns about political involvement.
“Big churches in medium, small places knew that they were important,” said Noll, a historian of American religion at the University of Notre Dame. “And now big churches in big and medium and small places, they may not have that same sense.”
He said successful congregations and ministries continue to thrive in parts of the country, especially locally, but “that local and individual strength doesn’t show up on the evening news.”
Birdsall agreed evangelical influence may have changed, but said it still exists, although perhaps in a different form.
“Though we are losing influence, it doesn’t mean that we are pessimistic about our churches and their role in society,” he said.
“They’re having influence in homes. They’re having influence in caring for those who are marginalized, those who are the poor, the oppressed. It may not be as public.”
U.S. evangelical leaders’ sense of influence and optimism contrasted sharply with leaders of the Global South in a number of ways:
– Evangelicals in your country losing influence: U.S. 82 percent; Global South 39 percent.
– State of evangelicalism worse today than five years ago: U.S. 53 percent, Global South 27 percent.
– State of evangelicalism in your country will be worse in five years: U.S 48 percent; Global South 12 percent.
