Issue 40 : The Crusades
Originally published in 1993
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Table of Contents
An experienced crusade preacher defends holy war
Humbert of Romans
They innocently headed for the Holy Land, not knowing they would never return.
Sir Steven Runciman
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Little Known Facts about the Crusades.
Caroline T. Marshall
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As the crusaders assaulted Jerusalem, the holy and savage joined hands.
Mark Galli
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Why followers of the Prince of Peace waged war.
Bruce L. Shelley
Bernard of Clairvaux, who wrote the beautiful essay On Loving God, also urged Christians to fight for Christ. Here are some excerpts from a letter written in 1147.
The great preachers, planners, and fighters of the Holy Land crusades.
Stephen Miller
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Christians thought they had liberated Jerusalem from infidels. But what did Muslims think?
Hadia Dajani-Shakeel
Usama ibn Munqidh was emir of Shizar in the twelfth century, when Christians occupied much of the Holy Land. Here are three accounts of his experience with the clash of cultures.
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The devout, combative, and scandalous women who shared in the Crusades.
Ronald C. Finucane
Whether by land or sea, a crusade to the East was difficult and dangerous.
In the new religious orders, Christians blended poverty, chastity, and military fervor.
Michael Gervers
A historian looks at the causes and lingering effects of Christian warfare.
Jonathan Riley-Smith
The last few decades have seen a resurgence of crusades studies. Here are several of the many fine works available.
James M. Powell
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January 24, 1076: Germany's Henry IV convenes the Synod of Worms to secure the deposition of Pope Gregory VII. The Synod charged the pope with serious crimes, called upon Rome to depose him, and issued other anti-papal statements. The pope quickly excommunicated Henry. One year later, Henry traveled to Canossa, Italy, and stood three days in the snow in an attempt to gain Gregory's forgiveness. Gregory granted it, but the two men soon fought again; Henry set up an antipope in Gregory's place.
January ...
