Nero (d. 68): "He will descend from his firmament in the form of a man, a king of iniquity, a murderer of his mother—this is the king of this world. … He will act and speak like the Beloved, and will say, 'I am the Lord, and before me there was no one.' "

—Martyrdom of Isaiah (late first-century apocalyptic text)

Justinian (d. 565): "Many men have been born who … have shown themselves terrible beings. But to destroy all men and to ruin the whole earth has been granted to none save … Justinian, Prince of demons."

—Procopius, Secret History (late 6th-century)


Hitler (d. 1945):"I believe today that I am acting in the sense of the Almighty Creator. By warding off the Jews, I am fighting for the Lord's work."

—Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf


Frederick II (d. 1250): "What other Antichrist should we await, when as is evident in his works, he is already come in the person of Frederick? He is the author of every crime, stained by every cruelty, and he has invaded the patrimony of Christ seeking to destroy it with Saracen aid."

—Pope Gregory IX


Napoleon (d. 1821): A friend of Samuel Johnson's " … was always happy to cite evidence of [the French Revolution's] Antichrist-like character, culminating in Napoleon, whose name she believed meant 'the Destroyer.' "

—historian Bernard McGinn, Antichrist


Reagan: "The beast recovers from a mortal wound, which, in the 1980s, caused quite a stir in evangelical circles when Ronald Wilson Reagan—each name having six letters—was shot and yet survived."

—Robert Fuller Naming the Antichrist


Gorbachev:Gorbachev! Has the Real Antichrist Come?

—title of a 1988 book by Robert Faird


Luther (d. 1546): "He has rejected the sacraments, repudiated the expunging of sins through fasts, and rejects the daily celebration of the Mass. … Does this sound to you like Christ or Antichrist?"

—Pope Hadrian VI


John Paul II:"[This man] will be increasingly called upon to bring peace to a troubled world. His recovery from a deadly wound directed world attention and admiration to his personage, and he, like those before him, would seemingly like to establish authority over the Holy Hill of Zion."

—radio host Noah Hutchings