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Speaking in tongues, long a hallmark of Pentecostalism, is not practiced by a significant number of charismatic and Pentecostal Christians, a new 10-country survey shows.

The survey, released Thursday by the Washington-based Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, found that experiences of divine healing of physical ailments were far more prominent for those who affiliate with the vibrant and growing segment of Christianity.

Researchers found that many Pentecostals and charismatics attend worship services where speaking in tongues and other signs of the Holy Spirit are evident. But in six of the 10 countries surveyed, at least 40 percent of Pentecostals said they never pray or speak in tongues.

"I think that the classic Pentecostal belief that speaking in tongues was the real evidence of the second baptism of the Holy Spirit is, at least in practice, not widely accepted around the world," said John Green, senior fellow at the Pew Forum and a longtime observer of religion and politics.

Luis Lugo, director of the Pew Forum, suggested that the definition of the movement as a tongues-speaking segment of Christianity may need to be revisited.

"Based on these findings, we need to rethink that considerably," he said.

Speaking in tongues has been controversial among Christians, with some thinking it is not an appropriate modern-day practice despite its use in biblical times. The Southern Baptist Convention's International Mission Board adopted a policy last year forbidding the consideration of missionary candidates who use a "private prayer language." But a trustee of one of the denomination's seminaries has requested that a "lack of consensus" on the matter be addressed in the Southern Baptists' statement of faith.

The survey used the umbrella term "renewalists" for Pentecostals and charismatics. It described Pentecostals as those who belong to classical Pentecostal denominations such as the Assemblies of God or the Church of God in Christ, as well as newer groups such as the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in Brazil. Charismatics include Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox Christians who believe they have experienced the presence of the Holy Spirit but are not members of Pentecostal denominations.

Results of the report, which was funded by the John Templeton Foundation, will be presented Friday at an international symposium at the University of Southern California.

Other findings include:

• Researchers confirmed that renewalists generally represent a significant portion of the populations in the 10 countries surveyed, comprising 23 percent of U.S. residents and 60 percent of Guatemalan residents.

"These groups are not only growing, but they've reached a point where they can have an enormous impact on the social and political life of the countries that we've studied," Green said.

• In six of the 10 countries surveyed—Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Kenya, Nigeria and the Philippines—renewalists comprise a majority of the overall Protestant population.

The other countries surveyed were South Africa, South Korea, the United States and regions of India.

"I don't think it's too far-fetched at this point to seriously consider whether Christianity is well on its way to being Pentecostalized, … certainly in the developing world," said Lugo.

• In nine out of the 10 countries surveyed—the exception being India—at least half of charismatics and Pentecostals said religious groups should express their views on political and social matters.

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October (Web-only) 2006, Vol. 50