Jump directly to the content

Books

BooksReviews, Interviews, News, Commentaries, Excerpts, My Top 5 Books, Wilson's Bookmarks, Book Awards

The Quest for the Perfect Atheist

Susan Jacoby's biography of Robert Ingersoll mistakes a likeable fellow with a second-rate mind for a "freethinking" hall-of-famer.

Jacoby also touchingly tries to obtain for Ingersoll the reflective glow of others, especially Abraham Lincoln and Walt Whitman—the Colonel is given full credit for admiring them both, and it is repeatedly intimated that he is of their ilk. There are two appendices in The Great Agnostic; the second is Ingersoll's tribute to Whitman, which he wrote upon his death. Jacoby neglects to mention that when Ingersoll actually met the living poet, Whitman went out of his way to affirm his belief in God, the immortality of the soul, and religion as a beneficial force in the world—and to berate Ingersoll for his attacks on faith. Likewise, we are told that Lincoln was Ingersoll's "hero" and that they were very much alike, but not that in the 1860 election (that is, when it really mattered) Ingersoll not only voted and campaigned against Lincoln, but denounced him as a man "of no character." Ingersoll got along better with such men once they were dead. One could go on in this way.

An 'Atheist Pantheon'

If American atheism is a struggling subculture that is still producing hagiographies, it is also a sectarian enclave which is given to its own, alternative, conspiracy-theory views of events. Mainstream scholars have long debunked the myth that Christianity has been historically opposed to science. Even a 20th-century agnostic scientist such as Stephen Jay Gould knew that historical scholarship made such a view untenable. This discredited perspective continues to circulate in the echo chamber of popular atheism, however, and Jacoby has imbibed it.

Worse, in order to illustrate it, she leads with the most damning example she knows: that Christians opposed the use of anesthetics for women in labor because Genesis is supposed to teach that childbearing should be painful. Especially Calvinists, we are informed, believed that "new drugs to ease pain were ungodly." Alas, this is completely an urban legend perpetuated by an ill-informed atheist subculture. If the warfare-of-faith-and-science myth is the equivalent of thinking that President Obama is anti-American, then the anesthetics clincher to prove it makes one a "birther" in another sense. (For a scholarly demolition of this atheist urban legend, see Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths about Science and Religion, Harvard University Press, 2010.)

Still, it is hard not to empathize with Jacoby's deep desire to find in Robert Ingersoll a pure and noble atheist undefiled. She longs for an "atheist pantheon" or an "Atheist Hall of Fame." It does not seem, however, that these United States are the logical place to locate such an establishment. If Jacoby were the curator of one for American honorees, one wonders if rather than a pantheon it would simply be a temple dedicated to the cult of Ingersoll. It is not clear who else could be included. She claims that there are two traditions in the American movement: a good one that goes from Thomas Paine to Ingersoll and a bad one that goes from 19-century Social Darwinists to Ayn Rand. It is clear that she has excommunicated those in this second line. (With one doubt clouding the face of a faithful disciple, Jacoby admits that she still finds it "difficult to explain" why Ingersoll himself was willing to give these Social Darwinist heretics the right hand of fellowship.)


browse all book reviews by:  

Related Topics:
More from Christianity Today
Los samaritanos del día de hoy

Los samaritanos del día de hoy

Jesucristo nos muestra que bajo la piel, todos somos parientes.
The 'Handicap Icon' Gets New Life

The 'Handicap Icon' Gets New Life

New York’s revamped accessibility symbol began at a Christian college.
Sponsoring a Movement

Sponsoring a Movement

Former sponsored children like Moses Pulei pay it forward in their hometowns.
Sidelining the Stigma of Mental Illness

Sidelining the Stigma of Mental Illness

Amy Simpson challenges the church to step up its ministry to a vulnerable population.
Get Instant Access
Christianity Today Magazine
Subscribe now for a year (10 issues) at $24.95 for print, iPad, and instant web access.

International Orders

Join the Conversation

Displaying 1–5 of 10 comments

lisa perry

March 08, 2013  11:18pm

I liked how you used Eric Brandt as part of your offense toward Jocoby’s book.”... that this material was generally obtained secondhand from popular summaries. Instead of reading the historical, philosophical, or scientific work itself he had raided someone else's condensed account of I” How hypocritical of you to blast her research. At least she did research, unlike the book you live by, which, might I add, is entirely secondhand information.

Report Abuse

Ken johnson

February 25, 2013  12:16am

Anne, just a couple of things. The Reformation took about 1500 years to occur. Not exactly what I would call being on top of things. Also, the Abolitionist Movement was only necessary because the "Christians" who came over to America in the first place brought the slaves in after them because there weren't enough indentured servants to do the work they felt needed to be done. You're also conveniently overlooking the terrible record the churches in the South had after the Civil War and before, and even after, the civil rights laws of the 60's. So bad, in fact, that the Southern Baptist Convention felt obligated, in more recent years, to apologize to African Americans. At least the Abolitionist Movement only took a few hundred years to occur. Your response time is improving.

Report Abuse

Ken johnson

February 24, 2013  11:40pm

I haven't read Jacoby's book, so I'm not going to comment directly on your review. However, I think you have to remember the era in which Ingersoll lived and the probable makeup of his audience. My guess is that most of them were not in a position to give an intellectual defense of their faith. How many can do it today? Whether or not he was capable of it , why would he use an intellectual argument in that context. I doubt the evangelists, or even ministers, of the day were using a lot of those kinds of arguments. D. L. Moody and William Jennings Bryan, his religious counterparts if not contemporaries, certainly weren't intellectuals. Bryan proved that during the Scopes trial. I became familiar with Moody while a student at the school that bears his name. At any rate, the point is that why should the bar be higher for the individual who is questioning a belief system than it is for one who's promoting it? As a lawyer, Ingersoll won cases by raising doubts.... about his client's guilt.

Report Abuse

Warren Throckmorton

February 13, 2013  4:06pm

I had to chuckle over this line in the review: "Christian historical writing has now matured to the point where it has dispensed with hagiography." Perhaps Dr. Larsen doesn't consider what David Barton does to be Christian historical writing. However, in light of the fact that many evangelicals do consider Barton to be a Christian historian, I think it might be more appropriate for CT to allow such judgments to start with the house of God.

Report Abuse

Anne Acker

February 03, 2013  1:31pm

Kathleen: No, you can't prove a negative, but atheists make a lot of claims besides just the claim that God doesn't exist. Prominent atheists like Dawkins, Hitchens and others have claimed that the world would be less violent without religion, that science can offer a comprehensive worldview without recourse to faith, and that faith and science are incompatible. Surely these claims should be substantiated with historical and scientific evidence, and yet when such evidence is offered, it is always cherry-picked to showcase the worst of what has been done in the name of God without ever considering the overwhelmingly positive contribution that religion has made to all aspects of human society. Nor do atheists consider the historical evidence that Christianity continually confronts and corrects its own abuses, as in the Protestant Reformation or the Abolitionist Movement in America.

Report Abuse
See All (10) Comments
Use your Christianity Today login to leave a comment on this article.
Not part of the community? Subscribe now, or register for a free account.
Login
or
Subscribe
or
Register

Don't Miss

Want to Change the World? Sponsor a Child

Want to Change the World? Sponsor a Child

A top economist shares the astounding news about that little picture hanging on our refrigerator.
Frankenstein's Cat, Part 3

Frankenstein's Cat, Part 3

Weighing the trade-offs.

Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor

Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor

The grand debate that led to independence.

more | current issue

Books & Culture

Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor

Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred ...

The grand debate that...

Today's Christian Woman

The Perfect Wife Scorecard

The Perfect Wife Scorecard

I just knew I was failing...

Small Groups

Silence and Solitude

Silence and Solitude

These spiritual disciplines...

Out of Ur

Superman: Sermon Notes from Exile

Superman: Sermon Notes from Exile

Why I wrote sermon notes...

Facebook

CT eBooks & Bible Studies


Shopping