News

From Jesus Revolution to the White House

Greg Laurie is one of the surprising evangelical supporters of President Trump.

Greg Laurie poses for a portrait on Hollywood Blvd.

Greg Laurie

Christianity Today May 12, 2025
FAME / Harvest Ministries

On Wednesday before Easter, Greg Laurie walked in the darkness outside the White House after enjoying a dinner with President Donald Trump and a few dozen prominent evangelical leaders.

The founding pastor of Harvest Christian Fellowship in Riverside, California, looked into a phone camera held by another pro-Trump pastor, Travis Johnson, and described how “great” it was to visit “the seat of power,” the “most important building in the world.” 

Laurie was back in Riverside on Easter Sunday. At the 31:35 mark of his Resurrection Day sermon, he spent six minutes telling the Harvest congregation about his visit to Washington.

Trump spent four hours with evangelical leaders on that Wednesday evening. Laurie and his friends got a tour of the White House, which included a stop in the presidential family quarters and the famous Lincoln bedroom: “The pastors were like kids in a candy shop.”

It’s surprising that Laurie was in that particular candy shop. He is 72 and came to faith in 1970 as part of the Jesus People movement, a countercultural evangelical movement of young people who were searching for meaning and hope in California’s hippie culture and eventually found it in Jesus. A Christianity Today headline in 2013 summarized the drug past of many participants: “They got high on Jesus instead.”

The “Jesus people” staged a Holy Spirit-led rebuke to what they saw as the stuffy traditionalism of mainstream evangelicalism. Laurie told the story of the movement in his 2018 memoir Jesus Revolution. Five years later, Hollywood turned the book into a feature film. This West Coast spiritual revival had a profound impact on Laurie’s life, sending him on the path of Christian celebrity.

Today Laurie has a global outreach through his multicampus megachurch, which includes a Harvest Christian Fellowship in Maui, Hawaii; mass evangelistic crusades in Angels Stadium; and a media outreach that includes books, movies, and a large social media presence. He wants to “point people to Christ.”

Laurie desperately wants the United States to experience revival, and argues that Trump’s presidency is a sign of it. After praying at a Trump rally in California during the 2024 campaign, he said he would gladly do the same at a Kamala Harris rally if asked. Laurie said his relationship with the politicians he encounters is “pastoral,” not “political.”

In January, Laurie asked his social media followers to pray that God would surround Trump with Christian advisers. He quoted Proverbs 29:2, which says, “When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice” (NRSVue). He is on record as opposing the separation of church and state. He said he doesn’t like the phrase Christian nationalism and prefers to call himself a “Christian patriot.” 

Last month, Laurie offered a homily on X about how he sought entry to the White House in April but “my name wasn’t on the list. Yep, pastor gets denied at the door. It reminded me of something far more serious—what Jesus said will tragically happen to some people one day when they step into eternity.”

Laurie explained that after further ado “they let me in. No harp music or pearly gates—but a tremendous worship service packed with White House staff members ready to praise the Lord. I shared a verse from the Book of Esther and reminded them that, yes, God had placed them there—for such a time as this. What an honor it was to be there. And don’t worry—I made sure my name is on the right list too.”

Queen Esther in the Bible used her proximity to power to tell King Ahasuerus that his executive order would result in the deaths of tens of thousands of innocent people. Laurie has stated clearly that he sees his task differently. Following Trump’s inauguration, he said, “We are tired of the crazy ‘woke’ agenda we’ve been dealing with.”

Laurie added, “God has placed Donald Trump in office,” and he agreed with Trump’s statement that “I was saved by God to make America great again.”

Laurie said, “I know President Trump understands the important role faith plays in the history of our nation, as well as the need for it in our present and future. And I am very appreciative of the fact that many Christians have been put in positions of influence around him. Godly people influencing and counseling him is exactly what we want.”

John Fea is distinguished professor of history at Messiah University.

News

Will the Trump Administration Deport Afghan Christians?

Christian groups ask the Trump administration to reconsider ending legal protections for Afghans and other Christian immigrants in the US.

Afghan children in the United States

Afghan children in the United States

Christianity Today May 9, 2025
Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

Christians who fled Afghanistan and have rebuilt their lives in the United States are now facing a return to their country that equates to an almost-certain death sentence.

Some Afghan evacuees who sought refuge abroad have been granted green cards, US citizenship, or a legal status known as Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) that’s given to people who worked alongside US forces in Afghanistan. But others came under more temporary legal statuses like humanitarian parole or Temporary Protected Status. That status, which began in 2023, expires May 20.

On April 10, Tricia McLaughlin, assistant secretary for public affairs at the Department of Homeland Security said the department would not be renewing temporary protected status for Afghans once it expires.

A group of faith leaders sent a letter to the Trump administration a week ago urging it to protect hundreds of Afghan Christians from being deported as part of the administration’s crackdown on immigration. Focus on the Family, Save Armenia: A Judeo-Christian Alliance, Open Doors US, the Family Research Council, the National Association of Evangelicals, and other groups have signed on.

In addition to undertaking a widespread crackdown on immigrants and asylum seekers, the White House has also mostly suspended refugee admissions. “It is critical,” the faith leaders’ letter said, “that our nation continue to provide refuge to those whose lives are at risk because of their faith, including Afghan Christians.”

“Afghanistan is among the most dangerous places in the world for Christians,” the letter read. Despite that, Afghan Christians recently received emails from the administration warning them to self-remove within a week.

The plight of Afghan Christians and other Christians at risk of deportation was in the spotlight at a congressional briefing Thursday in Washington, DC. The briefing highlighted a report by the Center for the Study of Global Christianity at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary finding that more than 75 percent of immigrants at risk of being deported (due to either being undocumented or having a legal status the Trump administration could revoke) are Christians.

Walter Kim, president of the National Association of Evangelicals, said the situation facing Christian immigrants challenges American “believers to understand the biblical truth of 1 Corinthians 12:26, that if one part of the body suffers, the whole body suffers with it.”

The briefing on Thursday put faces to that 75 percent, featuring an Afghan man; Kevenson Jean, a Haitian man who came to the US legally and may be deported depending on what a federal judge rules; a young American woman whose parents were deported after decades living in the US; an ordained priest from Nigeria whose parish members are now afraid to leave their homes due to fear of an immigration raid; and two American pastors.

The National Association of Evangelicals, the US Conference of Catholic Bishops, the Center for the Study of Global Christianity, and World Relief hosted the briefing.

“Being a Christian in Afghanistan, we had to hide our faith from everyone,” Afghan Christian Ben Moradi said. Moradi’s family used to host covert meetings with a handful of Christians in their basement, windows covered. The meetings shut down entirely after the Taliban took over. 

Moradi counted himself blessed when he came to the United States in 2020 and his family was able to escape in August 2021.

The situation in Afghanistan has only worsened since then. “No one can meet as a Christian anymore, because they will just break down your door and then come inside and kill you,” Moradi told Christianity Today. CT agreed to use a family name to protect Moradi’s identity. “The Taliban and your neighbor are against you, and if your neighbor reports you, they get a prize. Of course they are going to do it.”

Moradi is currently an elder at Oklahoma Khorasan Church, made up of around 22 Afghan Christians. But recently, a group of his fellow congregants—ten adults and two children—have gotten emails from the Trump administration warning them they have to self-remove from the US within a week. They also got another letter, revoking their work permits and their humanitarian parole visas. 

Those who received the emails came to the US after getting an appointment through the US app called CBP One. They had to live in Mexico for 10 months in a church sanctuary while waiting for approval to come into the US legally.

Contemplating their return to Afghanistan is a grim thought. “These Afghan Christians, if they get deported … they’re going to be killed,” Moradi said. “Afghanistan is [a] 100 percent Islamic country today. … They don’t even show mercy to fellow Muslims. How would they show mercy to Christians? It’s impossible. The penalty for those Muslims leaving Islam is death.”

For Nathan Brewer, lead pastor at Grace Harbor Church in northwest Oklahoma City, the deportation of Afghan Christians would mean a loss for his church as well. Meeting Moradi “opened my world,” Brewer said. Grace Harbor has partnered with Oklahoma Khorasan Church, including in engaging with Muslims in Oklahoma City. “Our ministries and our work together are very intertwined.”

Immigration attorneys have advised Afghan parolees the deportation emails do not apply to someone who has a pending asylum request, though some still don’t find those reassurances comforting. The situation also leaves in limbo those who haven’t completed their applications but who still have a “credible fear of persecution.” According to World Relief, parolees were told they had a year to submit their asylum applications after arrival.

In an environment where immigration lawyers are scarce, that’s a process that takes time. It can take up to 75 hours to prepare a single asylum application, according to Matthew Soerens, vice president of advocacy and policy for Christian refugee resettlement organization World Relief. “Finding an immigration attorney, especially if you don’t have thousands or even tens of thousands of dollars available, is very, very difficult in this current environment.”

Signatories to the letter hope the administration will reverse course and revoke the deportation notices to Afghan immigrants.

Last month, the administration told Politico that emails telling Ukrainians to self-deport had been sent in error. Around 240,000 Ukrainians were granted temporary legal status after fleeing their war-torn country during the last presidential administration. The agency retracted the email Friday in a follow-up email, according to CBS News.

The administration could also redesignate Temporary Protected Status for immigrants and refugees from Afghanistan.

Franklin Graham, president of Samaritan’s Purse, told Fox News Digital that he’s heard from Noem that Afghan parolees have until later this summer. “I understand from Kristi Noem—she said that I think it’s July, that the Afghans have till July. … They’ve got more time to work out this visa issue.”

But the administration has not so far announced any kind of extension or retraction. McLaughlin said Department of Homeland Security Secretary Noem “made the decision to terminate TPS for individuals from Afghanistan because the country’s improved security situation and its stabilizing economy no longer prevent them from returning to their home country.” Meanwhile, the State Department advises against traveling to the country, citing threats of armed conflict, terrorism, and kidnapping.

News

How Evangelicals View the First US Pope

Though Leo XIV is from Chicago, his election to the papacy reflects the move of Christianity toward the Global South.

Conclave Elects Pope Leo XIV

Newly elected Pope Leo XIV, Robert Prevost addresses the crowd in St Peter's Square on May 08, 2025 in Vatican City, Vatican.

Christianity Today May 9, 2025
Vatican Media via Vatican Pool / Getty Images

A pope from Chicago with citizenship in Peru?

In a Chicago suburb, evangelical faculty at Northern Seminary were excited to claim Leo as a Chicagoan, according to a professor there. Latino evangelicals in the US told Christianity Today they were happy that Pope Leo XIV gave part of his first papal address in Spanish. And in Philadelphia, evangelical leader Shane Claiborne pointed out that the pope went to Villanova University, and therefore has Philadelphia roots too. In Peru, the president celebrated Leo as one of the country’s own. 

Evangelicals in all of the Americas were curious about the new pope, with a side of regional pride. 

Though they don’t claim him as their church leader, many evangelicals look to see what impact the head of the Roman Catholic Church will have on religious dialogue, global politics, and the world’s understanding of Christian teaching. 

The 69-year-old Leo, previously known as Robert Prevost, was born in Chicago, but he has spent most of his adult life as an Augustinian friar outside of the US. He was a missionary in Peru and then promoted to important roles at the Vatican.

Many are celebrating Leo as the first pope from the United States, but it probably makes more sense to emphasize his Latin American experience, according to David Kirkpatrick, a religion historian at James Madison University who has specialized in research on Latin American evangelicalism.

“While Prevost has roots in the United States, from a different lens his election can also be seen as continuity—of another Global South pope following Francis,” Kirkpatrick said. “Far from a papacy that centers the U.S. or those in positions of power, I expect him to continue Francis’ emphasis on the oppressed and marginalized of the world.”

As news of Pope Leo XIV’s elevation spread on Thursday and the world learned more about his life and ministry, many evangelicals were encouraged.

“I appreciate that there is a pope who is familiar with Latin American Christian realities and immigrant realities,” said Gabriel Salguero, the head of the US-based National Latino Evangelical Coalition. “He’s on the record of being pro-immigrant, pro-family, pro-poor, all of those things in our evangelical community where there is common ground.”

Salguero added that the name Leo XIV indicates Leo will follow the example of Leo XIII, who was known for advocating for the working poor in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. Leo XIII chartered the Catholic University of America. 

“We’re living in very interesting times,” Salguero added. “We need religious leaders who understand the global interconnectedness.” 

Francis, who died on April 21, was the first non-European pope in more than a thousand years. Francis picked Prevost, an Augustinian friar, as his adviser on bishop appointments in 2023. 

“This appointment is in line with what Pope Francis did: placing a bishop from the periphery of a peripheral church—like Peru’s—at the heart of the Vatican,” said historian Juan Fonseca, a professor at the Universidad del Pacífico in Lima, Peru.

Before Prevost’s elevation to the Vatican, “he was never part of the upper echelons of the Catholic church,” said Fonseca. “Those are usually Peruvians from the elite who serve in the prestigious episcopal sees like Lima and Arequipa.”

In Peru, where Prevost became a naturalized citizen, he also worked on the margins. 

When Prevost first arrived in Peru in 1985, he served briefly in Chulucanas, a desert town of just over 40,000 people near the Ecuadorian border. He left in 1986 to complete his doctoral thesis at the Pontifical College of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome. Between 1988 and 1999, he held various posts in the northern diocese of Trujillo. In 1999, he returned to his native Chicago, not coming back to South America until 2014.

That year, he was appointed apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Chiclayo, a coastal city of 600,000 in northern Peru, and in 2015 was named its bishop by Pope Francis. In his opening speech as pope before a crowd gathered in St. Peter’s Square, Leo spoke in Spanish to send greetings to his “beloved diocese of Chiclayo.”

“He had a pastoral approach rooted in deep connection with the excluded,” said Rolando Pérez Vela, vice president of the Asociación Evangélica Paz y Esperanza (Peace and Hope Evangelical Association) in Peru. “Leaders—whether Catholic priests or evangelical pastors—who serve in the periphery are more likely to denounce injustice because they see it firsthand, they witness people’s pain.”

Prevost was a member of the Episcopal Commission for Social Action, the Peruvian bishops’ arm for human rights advocacy, grounded in Catholic social teaching.

He took a critical and difficult stand for human rights when he opposed the pardon of Peruvian leader Alberto Fujimori, who was elected in 1992, staged a self-coup the following year, and remained in power until 2000. 

Arrested in Chile in 2005 and extradited to Peru, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. A subsequent president decided to pardon him in 2018, though the Supreme Court overturned the decision a year later. 

The now-pope demanded that Fujimori apologize to the Peruvian people, Perez recalled.

“In Latin America, where human rights are often trampled, the churches have a responsibility to embrace a prophetic ministry—one that calls out the crimes of those in power,” Perez said. “They must challenge structural sin, impunity, and abuse of power.”

Leo’s elevation says something important about the ongoing shifts in global Christianity, said Gina Zurlo, a visiting lecturer in world Christianity at Harvard Divinity School.

In 1900, 73 percent of Catholics lived in Europe and North America. Now only 25 percent do; the rest are in the Global South. 

Zurlo said in that context, she would expect someone from the Global South to lead the Catholic church. Though most observers weren’t expecting the pope to be someone who also had American connections, American Christianity is also fundamentally global, Zurlo said, because of the large numbers of Christian migrants in the US and the number of Christians going overseas, whether for work, study, or religious mission. 

Leo speaks English, Spanish, Italian, French, and Portuguese. 

Leo has described himself regularly as a missionary. “I am a missionary; I have been sent,” he told Catholics in Chiclayo in 2003, when he was assigned to the Vatican. 

He reiterated that identity in one of the few interviews he gave before becoming pope, telling the Vatican News in 2023, “I still consider myself a missionary.”

In his first papal address, Leo said the Catholic church must be “a missionary church.”

Political leaders in both countries spoke Thursday of what an honor it was to have a man from their country made pope. Peruvian president Dina Boluarte wrote on social media that Prevost’s election “fills our nation with pride and hope,” adding that he “served our people with love and devotion.”

US President Donald Trump said it was a “great honor” to have a pope from the United States.

Leo has a record of criticizing Trump’s immigration policies, but some Trump-supporting evangelicals still welcomed his papacy. Samuel Rodriguez, the head of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, said Leo’s election was a “watershed moment” and “a reminder that faith is for all people in all places and that the gospel is an invitation to all.”

The new pope has emphasized the importance of invitation. In one interview, he described it as the first task of a Christian leader. 

“We are often preoccupied with teaching doctrine,” he said. “We risk forgetting that our first task is to teach what it means to know Jesus Christ and to bear witness to our closeness to the Lord. This comes first: to communicate the beauty of the faith, the beauty and joy of knowing Jesus. It means that we ourselves are living it and sharing this experience.” 

That desire to share the gospel resonates with some American evangelicals.

“We’ll still have our disagreements with Rome,” said Matthew Bates, a professor of New Testament at Northern Seminary in the suburbs of Chicago, who has written about Protestants and Catholics finding common theological ground. “But we see this as important for the future of the whole church—seeing Catholics as our brothers and sisters in Christ even if we don’t see [Leo] as our head.”

Catholics and evangelicals already work together on social concerns like the care of immigrants and refugees. Matthew Soerens, the vice president of advocacy and policy at World Relief, said that is a long-standing legacy of the Catholic church. 

“As evangelical Christians, we of course have some theological differences, but our biblically rooted concern for the well-being of immigrants is a point of commonality, and we’re eager to continue to partner with our Catholic brothers and sisters as Pope Leo XIV begins his papacy,” he said. 

Most observers see Leo as a continuation of the direction set by Francis and are talking about Leo following Francis’ example. 

Shane Claiborne from Red Letter Christians gently rejected the idea. 

“Francis was radical because of Jesus. He didn’t come up with the washing feet idea, even though he did it for folks in prison,” Claiborne said. “Pope Leo has the same example. The hope is always that the pope is an arrow pointing toward Jesus. … Jesus is the cure to a lot of things that have gotten twisted within Christianity.”

News

God ‘Laughs at Restrictions,’ Says Missionary in China

From May 1, foreigners can only preach and teach with government approval.

A man looking at the Lingbo Church in China.
Christianity Today May 9, 2025
South China Morning Post / Getty

American missionary Caleb Rowen has witnessed firsthand China’s tightening restrictions on religious faith and practice.

From 2006 to 2016, government policies prohibiting missionary work did not feel strictly enforced, Rowen said. Cross-organizational outreach, partnerships, and Bible translation projects took shape and flourished in this season.

The Chinese government “just turned a blind eye,” he said, “until they didn’t.”

In 2014, the Chinese government started cracking down on Korean missionaries and went on to expel entire Western mission agencies in 2018. In the same year, it shut down prominent house churches and arrested pastors like Wang Yi of Early Rain Covenant Church. It seemed as if overnight, half the missionaries whom Rowen knew had left China. CT is using a pseudonym for Rowen, as he is concerned about his safety for speaking with Christian media. 

The crackdown on foreign missionaries led Rowen and his wife—also an American—to leave their former Christian organization and establish a business as a form of marketplace missions. Then the COVID-19 pandemic dealt another blow to missions efforts in the country: He watched as many remaining missionaries left the country during this time. While many initially had plans to return, he said, they eventually settled back in their home countries or began working in other contexts.

Now, the Chinese government has implemented new restrictions on foreign missionary activity, which kicked in on May 1. Outlined in the National Religious Affairs Administration’s Rules for the Implementation of the Provisions on the Administration of Religious Activities of Aliens Within the Territory of the People’s Republic of China, the restrictions stipulate that foreigners may practice their religions only at legally approved religious venues. Foreigners must also submit written applications to worship collectively at government-approved venues.

The six missionaries CT spoke to said they do not believe the new restrictions will have major impacts on their daily work. They have always operated under the assumption that any interactions with Chinese people that involve religious teaching or sharing are considered illegal, especially as many of these missionaries work with unregistered house churches.

“As long as it remains true that ‘against such things (the fruits of the Spirit) there’s no law,’ my personal belief is that every government on earth desires the kingdom of God, even if they wouldn’t admit it in those terms,” Rowen said.

With the new rules in place, foreigners in China will only be allowed to preach with formal invitations from national or provincial religious groups. They are permitted to bring in a limited amount of religious material for personal use—no more than ten individual publications or no more than three sets of collected works—and are not allowed to distribute materials.

Foreigners can teach at religious institutions only if they are officially employed there, and can study at religious schools only when a recognized Chinese religious organization arranges it. If a foreigner wants to participate in religious exchanges with Chinese religious groups, the interaction must be arranged through national or provincial religious organizations.

The country’s tightening restrictions are a “strict limitation—almost a complete prohibition—on missionary activity,” said Bob Fu, founder of Christian nonprofit ChinaAid.

China first established formal regulations in January 1994 with the release of Decree No. 144 for foreigners engaging in religious activities. The government expanded these restrictions in 2000 by issuing a set of Implementation Rules, which were revised in 2016 and 2020.

The Implementation Rules’s latest updates, published on April 1, incorporated 16 new articles to take effect in May. They intensify the Chinese government’s oversight of foreign religious activity in China and continue President Xi Jinping’s campaign to make religions like Christianity “more Chinese.”

Although most of the measures effective on May 1 are not entirely new, “in both the number and substance of the provisions, [they] represent a significant overhaul,” said Ying Fuk Tsang, honorary senior research fellow at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. 

Notably, the updated restrictions broaden the scope of legal liability to ordinary civil or commercial interactions, such as when landlords rent properties to Christian groups. Doing so may now fall under providing “conditions for illegal religious activities of foreigners within China,” Ying said.

Another restriction outlines a ban on using the internet to conduct “illegal” religious activities. The Chinese government first imposed internet regulations prohibiting religious communication, teaching, and evangelism on March 1, 2022. Now, with the May 1 restrictions, if a pastor conducts online training for Christians in China, he or she could face criminal penalties if caught, Fu said.

The updated restrictions may also affect foreign Christian fellowships in China. If foreigners can only worship at government-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) churches, they will be unable to head international worship gatherings not affiliated with TSPM that currently gather in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, Fu said. To establish international fellowships or preach independently in China, they would have to go through various layers of bureaucracy.

“The so-called laws are just a way to legalize repression,” Fu said. “It would close off the loopholes or incomplete regulations in the past where lawyers were still able to defend people’s rights and formalize and solidify the process.”

Missionaries have always viewed the Chinese government’s policies restricting foreign religious activity as “shrouded in secrecy,” one American missionary said, making it difficult to know what the actual rules are at any given time. “We always just think that we need to be as careful as possible while still doing good work where we can,” she said.

Rowen had not heard about the latest restrictions before CT interviewed him. But he is unfazed by them and does not think they will trigger a major crackdown on foreign missionaries currently living and working in the country.

The new policies will not change his approach to sharing who Jesus is either. Traditional missionary models have not worked for years in China, Rowen says. He and his wife now work as full-time entrepreneurs and view their roles as “scaffolding,” or temporary support and encouragement, for the local Chinese church.

After 20 years of living in the country, Rowen and his family have witnessed the Chinese church’s explosive growth, with and without persecution. They’ve seen how much local believers have grown in boldness and courage.

“We are full to overflowing with hope because we’re swimming in the kingdom of God,” he added. “He laughs at restrictions, and so do we, because we know that no system on earth can keep the lid on this thing—this chain reaction that God initiated with the cross.”

Ideas

My Child’s Success Isn’t My Crowning Glory

In a culture that prizes academic achievement, prayers for our kids can sound like shallow negotiations with God.

A crown made from an A+ graded homework paper.
Christianity Today May 9, 2025
Illustration by Elizabeth Kaye / Source Images: Getty

On the third Thursday of November, life in South Korea comes to a standstill. This year, around 350,000 high school seniors and 200,000 repeat exam takers in the country will sit for the Suneung exam, one of the most difficult standardized tests in the world and a critical gateway for students seeking college admission in South Korea.

On exam day, government offices and companies delay their office start times to prevent traffic congestion so students can get to the exam venues by 8 a.m., while the national army halts military training to reduce noise pollution. Police officers have even given rides to students who are running late.

Korea’s churches also take the Suneung exam very seriously. My former church in Seoul held special prayer meetings during the week the exam was held. At these early morning services, parents and grandparents would kneel and pray fervently that God would help their progeny do well academically.

Many Korean Christians view the Suneung exam as one of the fiery trials from which they pray their children will emerge victorious. In their eyes, the world needs more successful Christians who can impact an unbelieving society from positions of influence. To attain such positions, they need to get good grades and enter good colleges. My pastor would ask God to give students “the wisdom of Daniel” (Dan. 1:20) and proclaim that their “small beginnings” would lead to “greatness” in the end (Job 8:7).

Although I was not yet a parent when I attended that church, I felt compelled to join these families in their earnest intercessions to God that their children would grow to be wise and triumphant in this fallen world. Praying for one’s children in this manner seemed reasonable and inspiring. Good grades could glorify God, and the child’s parents and grandparents could also enjoy basking in the glory of raising a gifted young man or woman.

But now, as a mother to five children aged 3 to 12 years old, I’m increasingly convinced that I must change the way I pray for my children’s success. Through studying in seminary, I have come to realize that stories about biblical heroes like Daniel are not about their personal victories but about their dependence on God in seasons of suffering. I’m learning to resist cultural pressures to seek glory through my children’s educational achievements, both in South Korea and America, where my family moved in 2015.

Many Christian mothers I know—me included—feel a compulsion to engineer our children’s educational success. A recent Korean YouTube video parody illustrates this sentiment well. In the 10-minute clip, standup comedian Soo-ji Lee plays the wealthy “Jamie-Mom,” who wears an expensive Moncler puffer jacket and drives her four-year-old son to Daechi, an affluent neighborhood in Seoul that is known for its dense concentration of cram schools.

Jamie-Mom does all the things that a real-life Daechi mom does, like discussing her son’s progress with his English teacher and proudly highlighting his newly discovered talent in learning Chinese. She’s fixated on discovering “prodigy moments” that reveal her son’s hidden talents. She’s determined not to miss even the slightest glimpse of these traits because that’s what “moms are supposed to do,” she says. She talks about the benefit of doing these extracurricular activities in light of her son’s upcoming college admission.

Lee’s video went viral in South Korea, garnering more than eight million views and sparking mixed reactions. Some praised it for its sharp and satirical critique of the brokenness of the Korean education system, while others chastized it for fueling resentment toward well-meaning mothers. “You and I are no different—we all are Jamie-Moms,” one viewer remarked.

I see myself in Jamie-Mom and in the parents and grandparents who prayed so hard for the students taking the Suneung exam. I want my children to succeed in this competitive world and to live free from the anxieties of an uncertain tomorrow.

One friend enrolled her five-year-old child in a K–12 “English alternative school” in Seoul, which offers AP English courses to middle-schoolers and promises admission to Ivy League universities. She could not afford to send her son overseas and felt this school was the next best option. “The decision put our family finances in jeopardy,” she admitted. “Still, you know, we parents have to sacrifice so that our son will glorify God.”

In seeking the best for our kids, we begin to believe it is our sacred duty to sacrifice time, energy, and money so that our children can be set up for success and honor God through their achievements. We feel compelled to do whatever it takes to shield them from suffering, hoping they will glorify God like Daniel and his friends. We cling to promises like “Ask and it will be given to you” (Matt. 7:7).

This shows how the prosperity gospel has inevitably influenced the way we intercede for our children. Our prayers portray God as a genie from whom we expect only favorable things. They also reveal an underlying fear that our children’s academic failures will lead them to suffer, particularly in the South Korean context.

Students’ rankings on the Suneung exam are closely tied to their future earning potential. Intense academic pressure to excel in this nationwide test has driven up the cost of private education in areas like Daechi, making it increasingly unaffordable for average Korean families. As a result, only people who can bear the high cost of education are more likely to secure high-paying jobs, which in turn enables them to invest in their own children’s education.

Meanwhile, those who fall short academically and fail to attain high-income careers often feel they cannot afford to marry or raise children. Ironically, this drive to secure success for future generations has contributed to the country having the world’s lowest birth rate at 0.75.

In our prosperity gospel–infused mindsets, we may engage in shallow negotiations with God: “If you make my kids successful, I will give you glory.” But God does not need our children to be successful to be glorified. And it is not a mother’s role to shield her children from struggle and suffering.

Praying for our kids to receive the “wisdom of Daniel” for the Suneung exam, as my pastor in South Korea did, could appear to use the biblical prophet as a model for personal achievement. However, Daniel’s life is better understood as a testament to God’s sovereign purposes. God raises up and deposes the kings of the world, restoring hope to his exiled people through individuals like Daniel, who remained faithful amid persecution.

Tellingly, Daniel’s earthly success was not without profound suffering. He was an exile, torn from his country, and possibly made a eunuch. Any glory associated with Daniel—the one in whom the spirit of the holy God dwelt (Dan. 5:14)—belonged to God alone.

The verse in Job 8 that my South Korean pastor also referenced in his prayer—about moving from small beginnings to future greatness—is not about achieving success in life either.

In this chapter, Bildad reprimands Job, urging him to repent so that God might restore his fortunes, even though God has already declared Job righteous. Bildad’s words reflect a flawed theology that equates suffering with divine punishment and obedience with God-given success.

But the Book of Job highlights the inevitability of suffering in the life of the righteous—not as punishment for sin but as part of a deeper spiritual battle instigated by the ultimate enemy, Satan.

These Old Testament passages teach us that while we may feel tempted to shield our children from suffering and pray for them to enjoy smooth, successful lives, we must not stand in the way of God leading them into places where he will teach them true obedience and perseverance through trials.

Reflecting on the lives of Daniel and Job in a more holistic way has helped me reframe how I think about my children’s success. God has placed our family in downtown Dallas, and it is here that my children experience both flourishing and hardship. While they do not have to take the Suneung exam like their Korean peers, they will experience their own fiery trials—including standardized tests at every grade level and the looming pressure of college admissions.

I no longer feel guilty for not providing what the world considers the “best” educational opportunities for my children. I don’t need a Moncler jacket like Jamie-Mom’s or my child’s good grades to symbolize God’s blessings in my life. I don’t have to meet the world’s demands for proof of success, either for myself or for my children.

What I do need is to respond in faith to God’s calling in my life. In this increasingly troubled world, my role as a mother is to lead my children to grow spiritually so that when they face difficulties in life, they will not be afraid but will encounter their ever-present helper amid them.

These days, I’ve stopped merely praying for them to do well in school. Instead, I ask God to deepen their faith as they meet believers and nonbelievers alike. I pray this simple prayer: “Lord, I entrust my children’s lives to you. I pray that they will get to know you, because only that will help them stand firm in their faith when suffering comes.”

Ahrum Yoo is a PhD student in Old Testament at Dallas Theological Seminary.

Books
Review

Art That Probes the Darkness Sometimes Darkens Itself

Andrew Klavan defends the spiritual value of depicting evil. But he often discounts the spiritual danger involved.

A painting of Cain that is fading into darkness.
Christianity Today May 9, 2025
Illustration by Elizabeth Kaye / Source Images: Wikimedia Commons

I don’t watch horror films or read gritty murder mysteries. My favorite detective stories are Alexander McCall Smith’s decidedly tame tales in his The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency series. I simply don’t like the effect that reading or watching graphic depictions of depravity has on my imagination. There’s a reason that Paul enjoins the Philippians to meditate on what is just and pure and lovely (4:8).

But when Christ tells his disciples to be as innocent as doves, he does so only after commanding them to be as wise as serpents (Matt. 10:16). Obeying both of these injunctions requires real discernment. And this is what Andrew Klavan aims to provide in The Kingdom of Cain: Finding God in the Literature of Darkness. As an award-winning crime novelist and screenwriter, Klavan knows plenty about art that probes the depths of evil, and in this book, he reflects on how such art might help Christians discern the light of Christ.

Klavan labors to articulate art’s power to guide our lives east of Eden, helping us live in hope of Christ’s ultimate redemption of all suffering and death. Although these efforts are often unsatisfying, he helpfully focuses readers’ attention on essential questions. He knows that Christian artists shouldn’t take their cues from Hallmark. Instead, by boldly facing grotesque evil, they can help us recognize the sin that marks our own lives.

While murder, as Klavan writes, is the ultimate “denial of [another] person’s reality and an offense against the God who holds that reality dear,” all sin similarly blasphemes God’s good creation. And by confronting us with the twisted, rebellious nature of sin at its most extreme, artists can prod us to recognize and repent of the sins we cherish and rationalize. “When an artist uses his imagination to create a true work of art about murder,” Klavan declares, “he is confronting death with art, making creation out of destruction, containing evil within an act of love.”

This is a stirring and faithful vision for art, but for the most part Klavan fails to articulate how we can distinguish between “true” works of art that frame evil within a redemptive vision and false creations that voyeuristically celebrate or excuse evil.


The book follows a loose, associative structure that begins with three murders and some artistic or philosophical responses to them. Then, in three shorter chapters, Klavan reflects on avenues through which he’s glimpsed the love that harmonizes jangling acts of human disobedience into divine concord.

In 1834, Pierre François Lacenaire brutally killed a man and his mother. Afterward, he set France and all of Europe on fire with his insouciant defense and his self-aggrandizing journals, in which he explained, in Klavan’s words, that “his crimes weren’t crimes, they were a rebellion against [a] cruel society.” Fyodor Dostoevsky based the protagonist of Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov, on this Parisian, calling him an “enigmatic, frightening, and gripping” man of “boundless vanity.”

But while Dostoevsky sought to understand and expose Lacenaire’s self-justifying logic, others celebrated it. Some, like the 1920s murderers Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb, saw such flagrant violations of social mores as justified in the aftermath of the death of God. For Leopold, writes Klavan, “the ultimate proof that you were this Nietzschean ubermensch, … the proof that you were beyond good and evil and immune to error, would be to commit the perfect murder.”

In discussing a 1929 play, Rope, inspired by Leopold and Loeb’s crime, Klavan warns that even those who shudder at grotesque murder can justify their own lawless acts as rebellion “against the corruption and hypocrisy of society.” His primary target seems to be progressive liberal elites, the “anxious, educated urbanites” who relish Woody Allen films because they “dramatiz[e] the cultural elite’s attempt to free itself from the logical conclusion of a moral order: the existence of a God who holds the lives of others dear.”

Fair enough, and Klavan singles out hypocrisies likely prevalent among his friends and collaborators in Hollywood: “the activist who dismisses the humanity of the unborn” and “the academic who justifies a terrorist’s slaughter.” Yet he overlooks plenty of examples that might hit closer to home among fans of his show on The Daily Wirea president who praises those who assault police officers and breach the Capitol grounds to protest election results, for instance. As Klavan himself notes earlier, “the terrible gift of Christianity—if it is Christianity true to Christ—is that you cannot accommodate your own sin.”

In the second chapter, Klavan turns his focus to Ed Gein’s 1950s crime spree in a small Wisconsin town. Gein’s perverted rituals with his victims’ corpses, all performed under the noses of his unsuspecting neighbors, inspired crime novelist Robert Bloch to write a fictionalized, Freudian account of Gein. Alfred Hitchcock then bought the rights to this book and made it into his film Psycho.

Klavan reads Psycho as “the tragedy of the age,” a narrative that shows the horror wrought by the lie that we realize our authentic selves in pursuit of our desires. He furthers this point through examinations of Tobe Hooper’s The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, Bob Clark’s Black Christmas, and other slasher films. Klavan clarifies that most films in this genre are “exploitative garbage, featuring half-naked women ripped to pieces for thrills,” which would seem to undercut their value, even if they show the dark side of a culture liberated from repression.

The third murder Klavan considers is the first one chronologically: Cain’s killing of Abel. He briefly mentions John Steinbeck’s remarkable novel East of Eden, which probes the significance of this story. But this chapter mostly takes readers on a whirlwind tour through Lord Byron’s Cain; The Brothers Karamazov; Job; the 1991 movie The Rapture; Albert Camus’s The Rebel; René Girard; C. S. Lewis’s The Great Divorce; and more. Klavan concludes that “the legacy of Cain is murder. It is the attempt to kill the accusing image of God within us and re-create the world in the image of the desires we mistake for ourselves.” And while he rightly asserts that “Jesus is the door out of [this] history [and] into another kingdom altogether,” his digressive tour doesn’t really show how this is so.

The final three chapters are briefer and more personal. Klavan relates how he was brought to faith in part through reading the works of Marquis de Sade, “an atheist sexual psychopath so vicious we named sadism after him.” He realized that without God, no morality can restrain depraved human desires: “Everything else is a facade, oppressive delusions and constructs imposed on us by a society trying to preserve its order and hierarchies. Power is the only reality.” While the original sadist brought Klavan to love the God who gives his body for us, an atheist psychiatrist showed him the power of personal, genuine love to heal his sick and confused soul, and a virtual reality van Gogh exhibit sent him spinning through an imagined survey of Western art.


A persistent source of frustration in reading Klavan’s potted summaries of paintings, books, and films is his assumption that artists merely reflect their culture. If you find a work of art lacking or degenerate, he writes, “don’t blame the artist, blame the spirit of the age.” This is, of course, the villain Edmund’s defense in King Lear when he declares that “men / Are as the time is,” thus rationalizing his murderous deeds. Yet culture is never monolithic; Dostoevsky and Flannery O’Connor situate sin and evil in very different narratives than do Nietzsche or Woody Allen.

Even if a work of art brilliantly reveals “man’s soul in the age through which it is living,” that doesn’t necessarily make it worth our attention. Psycho may portray a “penitent sinner joyfully washing her sins away until she is murdered for the voyeur’s sadistic pleasure by a man dressed up as a woman.” But even if this is “a prophetic picture of the days to come,” I don’t see how that makes it “a work of art indeed” or how I would be edified by watching it.

And how much more dangerous might it be to create such dark narratives? Klavan describes being sucked into sadomasochist pornography while doing research for a character in one of his novels. When the novel was finished, he writes, his connection to this character “snapped,” and his porn addiction abruptly ended too. But he told his wife he was done writing novels: “I can’t keep going into every dark corner of my mind just to get a story out of it. It’s not a sane way to live.”

Of course, as a writer, Klavan can no more stop writing stories than an endurance runner can stop running, but he doesn’t seem to take seriously the dangers his dark narratives may pose to his own soul. The gory spectacles that unfolded in the Roman Colosseum certainly reflected the decadence of the late empire, but Augustine’s Confessions doesn’t condone Alypius’s disordered desire to drink in their violence.

So how might art hold evil within an act of love? Klavan concludes his final chapter with a lovely meditation on Michelangelo’s Pietà and its portrayal of divine love that suffers and dies to rescue straying humanity. He writes:

It is a marble image of the greatest suffering we know of, the saddest thing that can ever happen: a mother who has lost her child, a mother mourning her dead child. … It is God himself who lies there dead. … The world that began with the murder of Abel has evolved into the kingdom of murder, the kingdom of Cain.

Yet perhaps Michelangelo’s art can evoke the divine art for which we hope: “If out of this cosmic catastrophe of injustice, the hands of a mortal man can sculpt such perfect beauty, then what beauty can God not carve out of this sorrowful world in the liquid white marble of eternity?”

The critic George Steiner once claimed that art—and perhaps, in particular, art made by those who hope in Christ—is stamped by Holy Saturday. This is abundantly true of the Pietà. Non-Christians can attest to the horrible realities epitomized by God’s death on Good Friday. Injustice and suffering and meaninglessness mark all our lives. And non-Christians, as Steiner notes, also have analogies to the New Jerusalem: They place their hope in some vision, whether “therapeutic or political … social or messianic.”

But the long hours of Holy Saturday give shape to art that wraps the worst human sin in the form of love. As Steiner writes:

The apprehensions and figurations in the play of metaphysical imagining, in the poem and the music, which tell of pain and of hope, of the flesh which is said to taste of ash and of the spirit which is said to have the savour of fire, are always Sabbatarian. They have risen out of an immensity of waiting which is that of man. Without them, how could we be patient?

Such patience, the capacity to suffer well, is the gift that true art can make from even the worst atrocities. And so Klavan wisely concludes with Michelangelo’s life-giving creation, inviting readers to “linger just a little while and see what happens next.”

Jeffrey Bilbro is professor of English at Grove City College and editor in chief at the Front Porch Republic. His most recent book is Words for Conviviality: Media Technologies and Practices of Hope.

Ideas

Cash Can’t Create Families

Contributor

Government support helps. But the Black church shows good parenting requires the nourishment that flows from intentional congregations.

Christianity Today May 9, 2025

I was deeply engrossed in a book on missional church leadership when my wife, Aziza, went into labor with our first child. We had experienced weeks of false alarms, and suddenly, the moment we were anticipating had finally arrived.

The delivery was, in many ways, an ordeal. My wife wanted to stay at home during the early labor period. But everything I had learned to help her through the process fell flat. Unknowingly, we waited a little too long at home and rushed to the hospital in the dead of the night. As the hours went by, I listened to her agony in deep distress, knowing there was little I could do to help. There was blood, tears, and a bill that took us months to pay.

The experience was neither convenient nor efficient. And it was certainly not cheap. However, it was the best thing that had ever happened to us. It was so transformative, in fact, that we did it five more times.

As a father of six, I have watched with interest and growing concern as America’s policymakers and media personalities explain the nation’s declining birthrate in purely economic terms. For nearly two decades, the number of births per capita in the United States has dropped. Childlessness is on the rise. And as a result, the nation’s total fertility sits well below its “replacement rate,” the level of fertility needed for a population to replace itself.

In an effort to encourage Americans to have more kids, the Trump administration has been assessing several proposals, including a $5,000 “baby bonus” and a medal for mothers who have six or more children. While nothing like this has ever been done in the US, these ideas are not entirely new. They follow a global pattern seen in countries like France, Japan, and South Korea, all of which have poured billions of dollars into similar initiatives. However, they haven’t moved the needle, and the birthrates in these nations continue to fall.

The problem with these purely financial approaches is that they misunderstand the heart of family formation. While the burdens of housing, childcare, health care, and education certainly affect decisions about childbearing, parenting is not merely about finances. Even as economic pressures ease, raising kids will remain inherently demanding. It calls for sacrifice and commitment, and it’s often inconvenient and time-consuming.

Yet there are deep joys within it that come from the hand of God. As parents, the love we have toward our children offer us a vivid glimpse into the type of love God pours out on us. It’s a powerful expression of our humanity, made in the image of a benevolent creator. 

The historic witness of the Black church illustrates the deep bond between families despite severe pressure. Throughout American history, Black families have been formed and sustained under the harshest of conditions. Family life was never easy in slave plantations or under segregation. Nor was it convenient in economically ravaged urban neighborhoods where many still find their home.

Nevertheless, the Black church continually affirmed the biblical truth that “children are a gift from the Lord” (Ps. 127:3, NLT), recognizing the sacredness of life regardless of social status or a family’s financial stability. The church did not merely protest racial injustice; it also created networks of support, cared for parents in practical ways, and nurtured intergenerational bonds. Among other things, Black congregations provided job training and educational programs and served as spaces of refuge while preaching God’s word forthrightly.

Of course, the Black church’s witness is not without its struggles. Black families have faced internal challenges, such as high rates of out-of-wedlock births, marriage disintegration, and patterns of fatherlessness. But even amid these difficult realities, the church has consistently cast a vision of family rooted in love, community, and faith. It has displayed how strong values can hold up a vision of the family even when conditions are far from ideal. And it can offer vital lessons for other communities increasingly facing the same challenges.

In my experience, most churches have long understood that families cannot thrive on subsidies alone. Parenting is a moral and spiritual journey that demands a kind of internal power that can’t be cultivated by government policy. Cash and incentives alone won’t inspire lifelong commitments, but love—for God and his image bearers—can. 

Taking inspiration from the Black church, the broader church can advance a richer vision of parenthood, one that’s based not on convenience but on covenant. Churches must become communities of intergenerational belonging, modeling how to bear one another’s burdens in both practical and spiritual ways. Our role is not merely to lobby the US or any other government for family-friendly policies (though advocacy matters) but to cultivate within our congregations an authentic culture of care.

So what does this look like in practice? As pastors and church leaders, we must teach and embody a vision of family life that rejects the idea that relationships should only be pursued when they are convenient, pleasurable, and cost-effective. We must honor mothers and fathers, not only on special occasions but also by building support systems like childcare cooperatives, mentorship programs, marriage counseling, and family discipleship initiatives. Most importantly, we should build a habit of praying for every family in our congregation and encourage our flocks to do so as well.

All of this reinforces the biblical vision that every family—and person—matters to God and to the health of our communities. This vision does not ignore economic realities. Instead, it integrates financial support with a deeper level of mutual care that can sustain families even when times are tough.

Policymakers also have a unique opportunity. Instead of replicating flawed pronatalist policies, they can offer financial support while championing broader values of interdependence, mutual sacrifice, and respect for life. If they do, I believe any aid our country provides can become far more effective and meaningful. 

As for Aziza and me, we will spend well over $5,000 raising our six children. My wife doesn’t need a presidential medal, but she does deserve unending expressions of gratitude for the sacrifices she’s made as a mother. With six kids running around the house, I may never recover my old reading schedule. But the love we’re building in our family—and with our church community—is well worth it. 

Chris Butler is the director of Christian civic formation at the Center for Christianity & Public Life.

Pastors

Taking Evangelism Beyond Strategy to Second Nature

Pastors don’t need hype to lead their churches in mission. These four rhythms can shift a church from evangelistic intention to evangelistic instinct.

Group of men discussing around a table.
CT Pastors May 8, 2025
SGN / Unsplash

“There will be more rejoicing in heaven over one sinner who repents” (Luke 15:7).

Not only is there joy in heaven, but there’s joy on earth when someone comes to saving faith in Jesus. That moment energizes me more than a 37-degree cold plunge followed by the world’s best cup of coffee. Who wouldn’t want a church on fire that joins Jesus in his mission to seek and save the lost? 

Yet many pastors I know wish for, long for, and pray for their church to become more instinctively evangelistic, but they feel stuck on how to actually develop that culture. They are reluctant to turn worship services into attractive hype-fests. They don’t have the margin to lead door-to-door campaigns. If we’re being honest, some are insecure about their own evangelistic fruitfulness. How can a pastor call his church to something he struggles with himself? Still, the pastoral burden to lead the church on mission with Jesus remains.

What does it look like to help our people want to help others meet Jesus? Consider four simple ways we can stir up the church toward evangelism: (1) desacralize it, (2) celebrate it, (3) model it, and (4) formalize it. 

1. Desacralize the work of evangelism.

“Let me tell you about my new favorite show on Apple TV+!” This declaration represents something fundamental about human nature—we’re wired to be sharers of good news. Whether it’s the latest series to stream, the new burrito shop in town, or hearing that your friend just got engaged, we naturally want to spread the word about the things we delight in most.

Yet somehow, evangelism—literally “good news announcing”—has become unnecessarily coded as an exclusively religious activity. In reality, it isn’t an inherently religious word at all. The Greek word we get it from (euangelizō) is actually a journalistic word: announcing something good has happened, and we want to tell others about it

By reframing evangelism more accurately for our congregations, we can help our people see evangelism as less of a “religious duty” or a “good Christian check box” and more as a natural overflow of our joy, which is something we already do in a variety of ways in our daily lives. The truth is, all humans are evangelists by nature. So the real question is not whether we evangelize, but what we’re evangelizing about. 

2. Celebrate what you want to see replicated.

Enthusiasm is contagious. Think about it: Why is going to a concert or an NBA game in person so much more electrifying than watching it on TV? It’s because we are social creatures, and our loves are thus shaped in community. When we’re surrounded by others who are excited about something, that excitement spreads.

Pastors should celebrate things all the time—meeting budget goals, launching new sermon series, and having to add extra services on Easter. These are all things that warrant applause. But here’s the crucial question: Are we bringing that same thoughtful celebration to the work of evangelism? Are we intentionally highlighting and honoring those in our congregations who are faithfully sharing their faith?

Just as “positive reinforcement” is a basic mechanism of education and formation, it can also transform a church’s posture toward evangelism. Through baptism testimonies, sermon illustrations, pastoral prayers, announcements, and our weekly newsletters, we already have the platforms we need to give thanks for and ascribe honor where honor is due when people in our churches are taking steps of faith toward their friends and family. In doing so, we’re showing, not just telling, a vision that says, “This is who we are as a church. This is what we value and care about.”

3. Model it by addressing non-Christians in your sermons.

While preaching primarily aims to sharpen, disciple, and encourage the body of believers, that is not its whole purpose. Culture is caught far more than it is taught, and this includes how we communicate about our faith. Many Christians either exist in a serious bubble of only Christians or struggle to bridge the gap between the sacred and secular worlds they live in. The result? Christians know how to speak of Christ when around Christians but become clunky and awkward when discussing Jesus with those who don’t follow him.

The solution? As pastors, we need to model better communication. By intentionally addressing non-Christians in our preaching, we model for our congregations how to speak naturally about their faith. This doesn’t need to happen every week, but it does need to happen regularly. This practice does three vital things for your church: 

  1. It teaches them to speak in such a way that assumes non-Christians are listening, because we do. 
  2. It makes people think, Oh, I could invite my non-Christian friend here and the teacher is prepared for that.
  3. It helps non-Christians who are present feel welcome and more likely to return.

Consider the following example of what that could sound like: “So we’ve been talking about Jesus walking on water. If you don’t call yourself a Christian, this probably sounds insane, and reasonably so. The laws of physics are laws, after all. However, part of why you’re here is because you’re asking the question, Is there something more? Consider this: If you assume for a minute that God does exist and that he is involved in the world he made, then wouldn’t it make sense that he could work beyond natural laws? For the maker of the laws of nature to be over and above those laws of nature is entirely plausible. Even the original witnesses of Jesus’ miracles struggled to believe what their very eyes were seeing, so your skepticism puts you in good company.”

4. Formalize it with a dedicated evangelism environment.

I once believed evangelism should be purely organic, not organized. But just as my wife and I now schedule date nights instead of relying on spontaneous romantic outings like we did when we were newlyweds, what matters most must now find its way into our budgets and calendars. At Ironwood Church, where I serve as teaching pastor, we’ve successfully launched a structured evangelism environment, and the fruits have been wildly encouraging. Here’s our four-step approach:

Step 1: Build your team. We identified people within the congregation who already had a passion for evangelism and invited them to join the core team that would launch the new program. We also offered a “How to Share Your Faith” class, which helped us identify additional volunteers eager to grow in their ability to bring others to faith. Once the class concluded, we invited them to help with the start-up.

Step 2: Choose your curriculum. After considering creating our own original material, we opted for the 321 Course from Glen Scrivener. After all, it was both better than what I’d come up with on my own and scalable and transferable because of its digital format. The course features eight short and engaging videos that guide participants on a hospitable journey toward making a decision for Christ. We structured it as a four-week class, allowing time for solid amounts of discussion and a Q&A time after each session.

Step 3: Launch and promote. We called it “Exploring Christianity” and announced it to the church a few times, asking them to do three things: (1) pray for the class, (2) invite their friends who were “open-but-cautious” toward Christianity, and (3) Participate themselves if they’ve been attending for a while but weren’t yet “all in.” 

We also encouraged people to take the class with their friends using simple language such as: “My church is offering a four-week class exploring Christianity. I know you’ve had some questions about church and Jesus. Would you want to take the class with me?”

Step 4: Execute with excellence. We arranged participants in groups of four to six, each led by a trained “host” from the volunteer team. These hosts focused on facilitating discussion and showing hospitality. Rather than pressuring decisions on the spot, they followed up with participants through casual meetings over coffee or lunch. 

The results: In our first run, 7 out of the 30 who enrolled were baptized. More importantly, we created an environment where seekers can get acquainted with the Christian faith and members can contribute to a meaningful culture of evangelism in our church.

From strategy to second nature

Seth Godin’s definition of culture is helpful here: “People like us do things like this.” Inculcating evangelism through desacralizing, celebrating, modeling, and formalizing all contribute to establishing norms among a community. With intentional planning and strategic work, pastors, even busy and insecure ones, can move the needle on the evangelistic culture of the churches they lead. You almost certainly won’t be able to pull off all four of these immediately, but even doing one or two of them will begin to shift your church’s instincts when it comes to the lost. 

True transformation will take time. But as these practices shape your church’s culture, watch what emerges: Your congregation will grow in evangelistic zeal. As the Spirit works, you may soon find that stories of life change become a regular rhythm. Congregants will excitedly share about the gospel conversations they’re having with neighbors and coworkers. The once hesitant, “Should I share my faith?” transforms into an eager “How can I share it better?” When the church actively and prayerfully joins Jesus on his mission, our Lord is pleased and our own faith is set on fire afresh. Let’s give heaven a reason to rejoice!

Seth Troutt is the teaching pastor at Ironwood Church in Arizona. His doctoral studies focused on Gen Z, digitization, and bodily self-concept. He writes about emotions, gender, parenting, and the intersection of theology and culture. Seth and his wife, Taylor, have two young children.

Pastors

The Fire We Carry

Pastors may feel pressure to deliver mountaintop moments, but lasting formation is kindled in the steady fire of ordinary faithfulness.

Fire pit blazing by a tent campsite with mountains in the background.
CT Pastors May 8, 2025
Maciej Chwirot / Unsplash

We all long for the mountaintop experience—transcendent moments of peace that deliver a concentrated dose of significance and meaning. The “meaning crisis” in our culture is evidence that secular culture is not able to provide lasting significance. But it’s also an incredible kingdom opportunity—especially for pastors—if we can help people, both Christian and neighbor alike, rediscover the beautiful ordinariness of the local church. 

Of course, that’s a lot easier said than done. As a church planter and pastor, it feels as though I spend 90 percent of my time persuading people to forgo conquering mountains, pursuing experiences, and achieving goals long enough to even taste—never mind savor—the sacred goodness and beauty of abiding in the body of Christ. It’s not unlike persuading someone to trade a mountaintop experience for the “glory” of car camping. 

I know, I know. How are a few fleeting moments beneath the beauty of ponderosa pines and purple mountains majesty worth the risk of peace-shattering toddler tantrums and marital spats? That sounds like a mountaintop-adjacent experience at best. Compared to the thrill of conquering rockslides, unexpected weather shifts, partial oxygen deprivation, and all the extraordinary challenges in climbing a mountain, car camping feels like settling for a cheap imitation of glory. No one has ever “made a name for themselves” by mastering the perfect s’more. It’s all too familiar. Too unimpressive. Too … well, ordinary to have lasting significance.

Humanity is endlessly driven and inventive in our attempts to grasp and hold onto extraordinary significance however we can: through conquest, exploration, higher learning, romance, social progress, vocational success, or scientific advancement—just to name a few. In Genesis 11, the builders of the Tower of Babel weren’t simply proud or arrogant; they were driven by the need to “make a name for (them)selves”—to create for themselves the significance every image-bearer is designed to receive from God and refract into the world.

The more post-Christian our culture has become, the less church is seen as a plausible source of meaning and significance—not only to our neighbors, but sometimes even to those sitting in our pews. 

In The Reason for Church, I unpack how radical individualism has transformed the modern self into a new Tower of Babel—built brick by brick out of five “Church Defeaters.” Trusting a church to mediate ultimate significance isn’t easy for anyone because we’re all steeping in cultural narratives that insist the only path toward a meaningful life is to “make a name for (your)self.” 

But modern Babel is ultimately doomed, and the cracks may finally be starting to show. Across the country, growing disenchantment with everything from politics to technology is catalyzing a refreshing openness to God. Grace sounds amazing; and who doesn’t need at least some forgiveness? But that same disenchantment is leaving many even more closed to the idea that institutions—including the church—have anything to offer in our search for meaning. Compared to the intense experience and achievement of climbing a mountain, church sounds distressingly ordinary.

It is this existential discontent that drives thousands of tourists to flock to Colorado every year to hike or climb one more of our state’s over 50 “14ers”—mountain peaks that rise at least 14,000 feet above sea level. There’s nothing quite like seeing the world, and our place in it, from so near to the heavens. It is a unique perspective—birthed from the combination of extraordinary achievement and spectacular beauty—that makes you feel at once small and significant at the same time. 

Personal goals may vary, but every climber, whether consciously aware of it or not, is searching for an experience of truth, goodness, and beauty—something big enough to ignite a life-giving fire within. As C.S. Lewis wrote in his famous sermon The Weight of Glory, we “do not want merely to see beauty … We want something else which can hardly be put into words—to be united with the beauty we see, to pass into it, to receive it into ourselves, to bathe in it, to become part of it.” Whether we use the language of beauty, significance, or meaning, it is glory that sets us building towers and climbing mountains.

Most get a glimpse of that beauty looking at the world from 2½ miles high—but only for a moment. Some tourists even relocate here, hoping proximity will make glory more accessible and emptiness more resistible. But true glory is made more ephemeral and elusive the more we try to recreate it. Too often, our search for significance in the “mountaintop experience” feels like chasing after the wind. Our souls inevitably become restless again because no mountaintop experience is potent enough to continue burning once ordinary life resumes at sea level.  

For glory that is both satisfying and sustainable, we need what no 14er can ever hope to compete with: the humble fire pit. 

Admittedly, nobody plans a family camping trip specifically to experience the “glory” of a steel-ringed fire pit—if they even think about it at all before arriving. But it is around the ordinary fire pit that extraordinary meaning and significance are kindled.

Like any local church, fire pits are the opposite of sexy. They’re often encrusted with (what you hope is) someone else’s burned breakfast. They’re heavy and clunky. Adjusting the wrought iron grate can produce one of the worst sounds ever heard by the human ear. But fire pits are not, themselves, the point. They are vehicles that contain, shelter, and nourish something much more beautiful and organic.  

Campfires are a lot like relationships. They are fickle, living things. Without regular tending, they can quickly fizzle out or even die. Even if you cheat and use the lighter fluid you packed “just in case” to get it started, there are no shortcuts in keeping them going. They still need nurture and care and space to breathe. Too much fuel can leave you burned. Too little, and everyone’s left in the cold. 

There is no better way to appreciate a fire pit than trying to build a fire without one. They hold everything together. The same metal walls that protect vulnerable embers from being snuffed out by a stiff wind also maximize fuel and prevent energy leaks by reflecting heat back toward the heart. It still takes work to get a fire started, but fire pits are shelters where life-giving fire is most reliably kindled and sustained.

Therein lies the unexpected goodness and beauty of the humble fire pit. 

Fire pits don’t exist for their own sake. We take them for granted because they are so reliable. Each one will bless hundreds of families every year, and yet each goes completely unnoticed, uncelebrated, and maybe even disdained. 

Everything that comes after pulling your overpacked car into the parking space—from setting up your tent and unloading the food to arranging your fold-out chairs and tying the dog’s leash to a tree close enough to be with the family but far enough away that they can’t reach the brats sizzling over the flames—everything is dictated by the location of the fire pit. Or at least, it should be. Everyone flourishes to the degree that camp life orbits around it. Failing to do so will make everything that follows more unpredictable, tenuous, and stressful.

And if you’ve ever lingered by the fire long enough, you know: It’s not just about warmth or cooking food. Something deeper happens there in the wake of all the mundane work it took to get situated.

Once you’ve gotten everyone fed and the kids in bed, you realize this isn’t settling at all. That is, unless we’re referring to the sacred stillness that settles on you while watching embers pulse with light. That “settling” settles your soul. It may be one of the only times you truly rest. Time slows to a crawl, and you happily submit to its pace and stop trying to bend it to your will. You revel in the absence of light pollution, your attention too captured by starlight to be distracted by screens. Conversation normally crowded with banal small talk suddenly and naturally overflows with the deeper things you never have time or space to contemplate. At some point while digging the melted marshmallow out from under your fingernails, you remember what it’s like simply to breathe for a moment. To be created without the pressure to self-create.  

Each settling moment is a sacred shift in perspective, one even more transcendent than any gain in elevation. Getting to that place requires time. Intention. Stillness. But it makes all the inglorious car packing and did-we-remember-everything angst you went through just hours earlier meaningful and … well, worth it. Significance backfills into our ordinary.

There’s a place for the mountaintop experience. We should aspire to achieve extraordinary things. But neither can be the source of dignity, value, and worth that individualism promises them to be. They simply can’t hold a candle to basking in the relational and creational glory that’s so naturally given and received around an unsexy, wrought iron, well-worn, and stale-food-encrusted fire pit. 

Whether climbing a mountain or building a tower, “making a name for ourselves” will always be more attractive to modern people than receiving our identities from God. But we now live in an age where individualism has so saturated our souls with an unholy restlessness that sacred stillness feels impossible anywhere. We wouldn’t recognize holy fire if it singed our eyebrows. So it isn’t surprising that church might feel too much like car-camping, like settling for a lesser version of whatever we’ve staked our worth in being able to find or climb or achieve on our own. 

But that’s why the “fire pit” is such an apt (if imperfect) analogy: It’s not about the fire pit any more than it’s about the church. The local church is simply where God’s extraordinary love and grace is ordinarily found. The more the lives of your people orbit the holy fire contained therein, the more your church will become a space where warmth, belonging, presence, perspective, and sacred stillness are ordinarily experienced. Meaning is rekindled every Sunday and carried into every Monday through Saturday. It is not in climbing a mountain but in gathering as God’s people that weary souls are invited to come, sit, breathe, and be made new. In Christ’s name, there is no need to make one for ourselves.

Just like we take the humble fire pit for granted, pastors know how easily we overlook the local church when our lives are most shaped by it. That’s because the body is only good and the bride only beautiful because of Christ. While church may not match the euphoria of a mountain summit, it kindles a far more profound and lasting fire within—one that actually lasts and can be carried into everyday life. 

When you gather your people around the ordinary means of Word and table, when they experience Christ’s presence in community, you draw their gaze to the true source of meaning, significance, and purpose. The local church doesn’t promise escape into the extraordinary; instead, it brings our lives into orbit around a holy fire—the living God who meets us in our ordinary moments and imbues them with the very meaning we’ve been searching for all along.

Brad Edwards is the lead pastor of The Table (PCA) in Lafayette, Colorado and author of The Reason for Church.

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