Culture

Notable Sacred Music for 2011

From an 11-year-old prodigy to traditional choral favorites, some of the year’s best.

Christianity Today December 27, 2011

To complement our annual list of the year’s best albums in popular music, Christianity Today also offers a selection of notable sacred music recordings, primarily in the choral and classical genres.

We again asked Jane Holstein, an editor with Hope Publishing Company and an arranger, choral clinician, organist, worship planner, and concert artist, to compile this list of fine albums.

“Believing and belonging, without behaving.”

This is how the Pew Research Center summarizes the surge of Christianity in Europe around the fallen Iron Curtain roughly 25 years after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

“The comeback of religion in a region once dominated by atheist regimes is striking,” states Pew in its latest report. Today, only 14 percent of the region’s population identify as atheists, agnostics, or “nones.” By comparison, 57 percent identify as Orthodox, and another 18 percent as Catholics.

In a massive study based on face-to-face interviews with 25,000 adults in 18 countries, Pew examined how national and religious identities have converged over the decades in Central and Eastern Europe. The result is one of the most thorough accountings of what Orthodox Christians (and their neighbors) believe and do.


Pew surveyed citizens in Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine. (Pew did not survey citizens in Cyprus, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovakia, or Slovenia.)

“Religion has reasserted itself as an important part of individual and national identity in many of the Central and Eastern European countries where communist regimes once repressed religious worship and promoted atheism,” Pew researchers stated. “Today, solid majorities of adults across much of the region say they believe in God, and most identify with a religion.”

While a minority in the region, Protestants are strongest in Estonia, where 20 percent identity as Lutheran; Latvia, where 19 percent identify as Lutheran; Hungary, where 13 percent identify as Presbyterian or Reformed; and in Lithuania, where 14 percent say they are “just a Christian.”

Only the Czech Republic remains majority religiously unaffiliated (72%), followed by a plurality in Estonia (45%), then Hungary and Latvia (21% each).

However, while citizens in once atheist countries are increasingly Orthodox, those in Catholic-majority countries are increasingly secular.

Across countries, solid majorities say that in order to belong, one must identify with the majority religion. For example, most say being Orthodox is essential to truly being Russian or Greek, while being Catholic is essential to truly being Polish. The close connection between religious and national identity is stronger for Orthodox than for Catholics (regional medians: 70% vs. 57%).


However, observance is a different matter. “Relatively few Orthodox or Catholic adults in Central and Eastern Europe say they regularly attend worship services, pray often, or consider religion central to their lives,” Pew researchers stated.

Catholics are twice as observant as Orthodox when it comes to weekly church attendance (medians: 25% vs. 10%). “In addition, Catholics in Central and Eastern Europe are much more likely than Orthodox Christians to say they engage in religious practices such as taking communion and fasting during Lent,” Pew researchers stated. “Catholics also are somewhat more likely than Orthodox Christians to say they frequently share their views on God with others, and to say they read or listen to scripture outside of religious services.”

Across the 18 countries, medians of 86 percent believe in God, 59 percent believe in heaven, and 54 percent believe in hell. Half also believe in fate, as well as the existence of the soul. Fewer than half pray daily.

Catholic-majority countries are more observant, but Orthodox-majority countries are more conservative on homosexuality and other social issues.


Citizens of Orthodox-majority countries are more likely than those in Catholic-majority countries to believe that their governments should fund national churches (medians: 56% vs. 41%) and promote religious values and beliefs (medians: 42% vs. 28%).

Surprisingly, this holds true regardless of church attendance. For example, in both Russia and Serbia, half of respondents favor state funding for the national church even though only 7 percent attend weekly.

Pew also examined the deep regard for Russia, whose 100 million Orthodox believers make it Eastern Orthodoxy’s largest homeland by far.

Pew explained:



While there is no central authority in Orthodox Christianity akin to the pope in Catholicism, Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople is often referred to as the “first among equals” (in Latin, “primus inter pares”) in his spiritual leadership of the Greek Orthodox and other Orthodox Christians around the world.




But only in Greece did a majority of Orthodox Christians view the patriarch of Constantinople as Orthodoxy’s highest authority. Instead, “substantial shares” give that honor to the patriarch of Moscow.

Pew noted that this includes “roughly half or more not only in Estonia and Latvia, where roughly three-in-four Orthodox Christians self identify as ethnic Russians, but also in Belarus and Moldova, where the vast majority of Orthodox Christians do not self identify as ethnic Russians.”


Meanwhile, five countries had pluralities favor their own national patriarch. Armenia was evenly split.

Many also believe it is Russia’s duty to protect Orthodox Christians worldwide, both against terrorism as well as the West (and its liberal values).

In every majority-Orthodox country except Ukraine, most people agree that Russia has an “obligation to protect Orthodox Christians outside its borders.” Nearly 3 in 4 Russians agree.

However, Pew also found that “just 44 percent of Orthodox Christians in Russia say they feel a strong bond with other Orthodox Christians around the world, and 54 percent say they personally feel a special responsibility to support other Orthodox Christians.”

Pew summarized the differences in the “return of religion” to the region’s predominantly Orthodox and Catholic countries:



In the Orthodox countries, there has been an upsurge of religious identity, but levels of religious practice are comparatively low. And Orthodox identity is tightly bound up with national identity, feelings of pride and cultural superiority, support for linkages between national churches and governments, and views of Russia as a bulwark against the West.

Meanwhile, in such historically Catholic countries as Poland, Hungary, Lithuania and the Czech Republic, there has not been a marked rise in religious identification since the fall of the USSR; on the contrary, the share of adults in these countries who identify as Catholic has declined. But levels of church attendance and other measures of religious observance in the region’s Catholic-majority countries are generally higher than in their Orthodox neighbors (although still low in comparison with many other parts of the world).

The link between religious identity and national identity is present across the region but somewhat weaker in the Catholic-majority countries. And politically, the Catholic countries tend to look West rather than East: Far more people in Poland, Hungary, Lithuania and Croatia say it is in their country’s interest to work closely with the U.S. and other Western powers than take the position that a strong Russia is necessary to balance the West.




The survey, part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Future project, was conducted from June 2015 to July 2016.

CT’s previous reporting on Eastern Orthodoxy includes its humbled yet historic council in Crete and how Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill made Christian history in Cuba.

Bob Jones University Singers and Orchestra

Beyond All Praising [Soundforth]

This easy-listening presentation of 15 choral anthems begins ginning with a festive setting by Richard Nichols based on “All Creatures of Our God and King.” There’s a splendid melody from Gustav Holst’s symphonic work “Jupiter” (from The Planets) that was later adapted into hymn form by Ralph Vaughan Williams [sung in Britain to “I Vow to Thee, My Country”]. Here, the tune is set to a 1982 text by another British writer, Michael Perry, for which the CD is named: “O God beyond all praising, we worship you today.” Dan Forrest shows his adept ability to take this majestic hymn and arrange and orchestrate it with the grandeur due. In contrast, he sets the Isaac Watts text “When I Survey the Wondrous Cross” in a compelling Celtic ballad, complete with the sweet, melodious sound of uilleann pipes (Irish bagpipes), featuring the traditional English melody, “O Waly Waly.” An original anthem by Molly Ijames, “A Triune Prayer,” provides a meditative reflection based on a poignant intercession to the Trinity with poetic text by Chris Anderson. Mary McDonald sets Samuel Wesley’s words “O for a thousand tongues to sing” in the dynamic, original work, “His Glorious Praise in Song.” Overall, it’s a solid listening experience of church anthems, with each selection tastefully orchestrated and performed with dignity.

David Mdzinarishvili / Reuters

Charles Callahan

All Glory Be to God on High (Triune Music)

American organist-composer Charles Callahan, who has spent a career in church music with hundreds of compositions in print, recently completed this project featuring the organ at St. Michael Church in Wheaton, Illinois. The album represents literature that uplifts and reminds one that the organ is still a force in church music. The versatile tone pallet takes the listener from dramatic and full sounds to gentle and warm, featuring twenty musical jewels from Handel and Bach through selections from the late 19th and early 20th century. Callahan completes the recording with four of his own hymn reflections including “Jesus Loves Me,” a tender rendition that features rich strings with the melody rising above on a single, pure flute stop. Similarly, “Prelude on Three Hymntunes” conveys Callahan’s ability to write with simple color and clarity, allowing the listener to reflect on the meaningful texts associated with these tunes. Completing the recording, a joyous fanfare based on “Now Thank We All Our God” allows the cathedral to really shine with acoustics that are not often found in American churches.

Update (May 13): President Donald Trump told a roaring crowd at Liberty University’s commencement to follow their Christian convictions, even when it means feeling like an outsider or taking a stand against the establishment.

“Being an outsider is fine. Embrace the label, because it’s the outsiders who change the world and make a lasting difference,” Trump told the Lynchburg, Virginia, campus during his first visit as president Saturday morning. “Be totally unafraid to challenge entrenched interests and failed power structures. Does that sound familiar, by the way?”

In front of a record-setting crowd of about 50,000 attendees, the newly minted politician winked to his support from white evangelicals—repeatedly bringing up religious freedom and identifying with their position as Washington outsiders by critiquing the “broken” system and leaders “who think they know everything.”

“In America, we do not worship government, we worship God. We do not need a lecture from Washington on how to lead our lives,” he said to the graduates. “As long as I am your president, no one is ever going to stop you from practicing your faith or from preaching what is in your heart.”

Liberty president Jerry Falwell Jr., a member of Trump’s faith advisory board, has buddied up to the president and recently attended a White House dinner and Rose Garden ceremony announcing Trump’s executive order on religious liberty.

—–

Liberty University has a lot to celebrate this weekend. At a ceremony honoring its 18,000 graduates, America’s largest Christian college will be the first to hear commencement remarks from President Donald Trump.

Liberty president Jerry Falwell Jr. invited Trump to town for graduation back in December, and his admiration has only grown during the early months of the Trump administration, recently telling Fox News that “evangelicals have found their dream President.”

An early endorser, Falwell continues to be Trump’s faithful adviser and ally, and much of Liberty reflects his enthusiasm. The school has prepared for a “Trump bump” in attendance, spending 0,000 to nearly double the stadium’s seating capacity to 36,000.

Trump’s speech on Saturday marks his third address at the campus in Lynchburg, Virginia. It will be the second graduation speech at Liberty by a sitting president, following George H. W. Bush’s to the Class of 1990. The new president will also serve as the speaker at the Coast Guard Academy ceremony on Wednesday.

“I’d love to hear him talk to the students about what he plans to do for them to make it a better job market, to make the United States a better place for them to raise their families,” Falwell told The Washington Post. “And then I’d like him to tell them what he needs them to do to help him make America great again.”

Few Christian leaders have been as vocally supportive of the Trump administration as Falwell. Marking the President’s first 100 days in office, Falwell listed several “things that evangelicals love” so far: Trump’s relationship with Israel, new Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch, Cabinet appointments, and approach to fighting ISIS.

As much as some may quibble with his characterization of Trump as evangelical’s “dream” leader, the latest polls show more white evangelicals side with Falwell than with the detractors.

At this point, white evangelicals are twice as likely as Americans on average to approve of the new president, according to a report released last month by the Pew Research Center. Surveying Trump’s performance so far, 78 percent of white evangelicals are on his side. (For comparison, the same demographic indicated a 72 percent approval rating for George W. Bush early in his presidency.)

Trump’s rating was even higher—80 percent approval—among white evangelicals who attend church at least once a month. Despite speculation during the campaign that Trump’s evangelical support didn’t reflect faithful churchgoers, Pew confirmed that this was indeed a key voting bloc for Trump: Three-quarters said they had intended to vote for him.

In Politico-Morning Consult’s report card poll for the President’s first 100 days, a little over half of evangelicals gave Trump high marks. Their ratings fell somewhere between voters overall (39% gave him an A or B) and Trump supporters (75% gave him an A or B).

Evangelicals graded Trump higher than other religious groups, but just barely. Grades issued by all Protestants, all Christians, and Catholics were just a few percentage points lower (respectively, 51%, 46%, 44% gave him an A or B). His approval levels remained steady among Christian groups in the most recent Politico-Morning Consult poll, conducted following the controversial firing of James Comey, Trump’s FBI director this week.

Vice President Mike Pence will also be offering commencement addresses at a pair of religious schools later this month: the University of Notre Dame and Grove City College, a Christian liberal arts school in Pennsylvania.

Catholic Notre Dame traditionally asks the new President to serve as commencement speaker in his first year, but opted to invite Pence—who has a Catholic background but now attends evangelical churches—instead. His planned visit to campus has still elicited controversy, particularly from LGBT rights groups.

According to Politico, just over half of Catholics support the new leadership in the White House, though slightly more approve of Trump (54%) than Pence (52%).

At Grove City, the student body holds mixed views on Pence’s politics, according to the school newspaper. But most are excited to host such a high-profile figure at the 2,500-student campus.

Nearly two-thirds of evangelicals hold a favorable view of Pence. He won points with Christians when he spoke up on behalf of the persecuted church at a summit convened by Franklin Graham this week and with pro-life voters when he became the first vice president to speak at the annual March for Life in Washington. According to reports, he now leads weekly prayer gatherings among Christians on Trump’s Cabinet.

As far as specific policy areas, evangelicals rated Trump’s contributions to fighting terrorism and the economy the highest and health care policy the lowest. Their dampened support on health care is significant. Like Americans overall, most evangelical voters saw this issue as the president’s top priority in office.

Though Trump has pledged to dismantle the Affordable Care Act set up under Barack Obama, that’s expected to take awhile, and the administration’s replacement plan remains unclear. Though Trump’s Justice Department has extended cases of Christian organizations trying to secure exemptions from the Obamacare contraception mandate, his recent executive order requested that the regulations be amended.

But Trump has come through on other issues related to abortion, including allowing states to defund Planned Parenthood and reinstating a ban on funding abortion advocates overseas. In April, he appointed Charmaine Yoest, an evangelical pro-life activist who used to lead Americans United for Life, to the Department of Health and Human Services.

Most evangelicals gave Trump an A or B on immigration in the Politico-Morning Consult poll, despite significant backlash from church and organizational leaders over his executive order on refugees. More than 500 evangelical leaders signed a letter opposing the ban, which is now being hashed out in court.

Canadian Brass

Brahms on Brass (Opening Day)

Chances are if you’ve ever heard brass music, you’ve heard the Canadian Brass—five guys acclaimed for their remarkable abilities, who over the last four decades have recorded 90 albums with millions of sales. Brahms on Brass displays a variety of moods and styles in the transcriptions of keyboard music written by Johannes Brahms. Starting with his Sixteen Waltzes, Opus 39, the ensemble gives a spirited performance of these lighter pieces that were originally written for piano duet. Displaying their unquestionable agility and lyricism, you sense the entertaining quality of these little gems with their folk-like melodies. But it’s the second half of the CD that really explores the sacred, with music from near the end of Brahms’ life. His Eleven Chorale Preludes for Organ, Op. 122, are full of depth and reflective spirituality. I’ve performed these works as a church organist, but here heard nuances and expressive melodic lines as if for the first time. The lovely Christmas chorale “Es ist ein Ros’ entsprungen” (Lo, how a rose e’er blooming) is a fine example of exemplary tone from these renowned showmen.

Update (May 13): President Donald Trump told a roaring crowd at Liberty University’s commencement to follow their Christian convictions, even when it means feeling like an outsider or taking a stand against the establishment.

“Being an outsider is fine. Embrace the label, because it’s the outsiders who change the world and make a lasting difference,” Trump told the Lynchburg, Virginia, campus during his first visit as president Saturday morning. “Be totally unafraid to challenge entrenched interests and failed power structures. Does that sound familiar, by the way?”

In front of a record-setting crowd of about 50,000 attendees, the newly minted politician winked to his support from white evangelicals—repeatedly bringing up religious freedom and identifying with their position as Washington outsiders by critiquing the “broken” system and leaders “who think they know everything.”

“In America, we do not worship government, we worship God. We do not need a lecture from Washington on how to lead our lives,” he said to the graduates. “As long as I am your president, no one is ever going to stop you from practicing your faith or from preaching what is in your heart.”

Liberty president Jerry Falwell Jr., a member of Trump’s faith advisory board, has buddied up to the president and recently attended a White House dinner and Rose Garden ceremony announcing Trump’s executive order on religious liberty.

—–

Liberty University has a lot to celebrate this weekend. At a ceremony honoring its 18,000 graduates, America’s largest Christian college will be the first to hear commencement remarks from President Donald Trump.

Liberty president Jerry Falwell Jr. invited Trump to town for graduation back in December, and his admiration has only grown during the early months of the Trump administration, recently telling Fox News that “evangelicals have found their dream President.”

An early endorser, Falwell continues to be Trump’s faithful adviser and ally, and much of Liberty reflects his enthusiasm. The school has prepared for a “Trump bump” in attendance, spending 0,000 to nearly double the stadium’s seating capacity to 36,000.

Trump’s speech on Saturday marks his third address at the campus in Lynchburg, Virginia. It will be the second graduation speech at Liberty by a sitting president, following George H. W. Bush’s to the Class of 1990. The new president will also serve as the speaker at the Coast Guard Academy ceremony on Wednesday.

“I’d love to hear him talk to the students about what he plans to do for them to make it a better job market, to make the United States a better place for them to raise their families,” Falwell told The Washington Post. “And then I’d like him to tell them what he needs them to do to help him make America great again.”

Few Christian leaders have been as vocally supportive of the Trump administration as Falwell. Marking the President’s first 100 days in office, Falwell listed several “things that evangelicals love” so far: Trump’s relationship with Israel, new Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch, Cabinet appointments, and approach to fighting ISIS.

As much as some may quibble with his characterization of Trump as evangelical’s “dream” leader, the latest polls show more white evangelicals side with Falwell than with the detractors.

At this point, white evangelicals are twice as likely as Americans on average to approve of the new president, according to a report released last month by the Pew Research Center. Surveying Trump’s performance so far, 78 percent of white evangelicals are on his side. (For comparison, the same demographic indicated a 72 percent approval rating for George W. Bush early in his presidency.)

Trump’s rating was even higher—80 percent approval—among white evangelicals who attend church at least once a month. Despite speculation during the campaign that Trump’s evangelical support didn’t reflect faithful churchgoers, Pew confirmed that this was indeed a key voting bloc for Trump: Three-quarters said they had intended to vote for him.

In Politico-Morning Consult’s report card poll for the President’s first 100 days, a little over half of evangelicals gave Trump high marks. Their ratings fell somewhere between voters overall (39% gave him an A or B) and Trump supporters (75% gave him an A or B).

Evangelicals graded Trump higher than other religious groups, but just barely. Grades issued by all Protestants, all Christians, and Catholics were just a few percentage points lower (respectively, 51%, 46%, 44% gave him an A or B). His approval levels remained steady among Christian groups in the most recent Politico-Morning Consult poll, conducted following the controversial firing of James Comey, Trump’s FBI director this week.

Vice President Mike Pence will also be offering commencement addresses at a pair of religious schools later this month: the University of Notre Dame and Grove City College, a Christian liberal arts school in Pennsylvania.

Catholic Notre Dame traditionally asks the new President to serve as commencement speaker in his first year, but opted to invite Pence—who has a Catholic background but now attends evangelical churches—instead. His planned visit to campus has still elicited controversy, particularly from LGBT rights groups.

According to Politico, just over half of Catholics support the new leadership in the White House, though slightly more approve of Trump (54%) than Pence (52%).

At Grove City, the student body holds mixed views on Pence’s politics, according to the school newspaper. But most are excited to host such a high-profile figure at the 2,500-student campus.

Nearly two-thirds of evangelicals hold a favorable view of Pence. He won points with Christians when he spoke up on behalf of the persecuted church at a summit convened by Franklin Graham this week and with pro-life voters when he became the first vice president to speak at the annual March for Life in Washington. According to reports, he now leads weekly prayer gatherings among Christians on Trump’s Cabinet.

As far as specific policy areas, evangelicals rated Trump’s contributions to fighting terrorism and the economy the highest and health care policy the lowest. Their dampened support on health care is significant. Like Americans overall, most evangelical voters saw this issue as the president’s top priority in office.

Though Trump has pledged to dismantle the Affordable Care Act set up under Barack Obama, that’s expected to take awhile, and the administration’s replacement plan remains unclear. Though Trump’s Justice Department has extended cases of Christian organizations trying to secure exemptions from the Obamacare contraception mandate, his recent executive order requested that the regulations be amended.

But Trump has come through on other issues related to abortion, including allowing states to defund Planned Parenthood and reinstating a ban on funding abortion advocates overseas. In April, he appointed Charmaine Yoest, an evangelical pro-life activist who used to lead Americans United for Life, to the Department of Health and Human Services.

Most evangelicals gave Trump an A or B on immigration in the Politico-Morning Consult poll, despite significant backlash from church and organizational leaders over his executive order on refugees. More than 500 evangelical leaders signed a letter opposing the ban, which is now being hashed out in court.

Chicago Symphony Orchestra Brass

Live in Concert (CSO Resound)

The CSO, home to the world’s most legendary brass section, here showcases six horn players, four trumpeters, three trombonists, and a tuba. The variety, recorded in Chicago’s Symphony Center, opens with the entire ensemble performing a mighty rendition of William Walton’s “Crown Imperial” (heard at the Royal Wedding). Three sacred works follow, showcasing a powerful display of music dating back to Venetian composer Giovanni Gabrieli. Two antiphonal groups, standing stage right and stage left, create an overall dialogue effect that is captured through adept engineering. Especially noteworthy is J. S. Bach’s famous organ work, “Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor,” with its marvelous, contrapuntal lines that create unique demands from every section with an end result of pure lucidity. Drawing from music written for wind ensemble, the charming “Lincolnshire Posy” by Percy Grainger adds lightness. Two extensive symphonic transcriptions scored for brass and percussion round out the concert.

Drew Angerer / Bloomberg via Getty Images

The Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge

Beyond All Mortal Dreams (Hyperion)

If you’ve seen the videos of Eric Whitacre’s VirtualChoir, you’ll quickly get a sense for current American choral literature and the impact it’s having around the world. That may explain the release of this project, in which the Choir of Trinity College explores a cappella music written in England, primarily by living composers. This highly regarded choir demonstrates what the human voice can do with masterful poetic texts and easy-to-listen-to tonal and harmonic structure. A text by H. W. Longfellow is the basis for “The Day Is Done” by Stephen Paulus, perhaps the most-recognized composer on the disc. The album’s title comes from Paulus’s spiritual side, with his setting of “Pilgrims’ Hymn”: “Even with darkness sealing us in, we breathe your name / And through all the days that follow so fast, we trust in you / Endless your grace, beyond all mortal dream.” Newer to the scene is Juilliard graduate Ola Gjeilo, who has become extremely popular with American choirs; he demonstrates his fresh style in the closing selection “Phoenix” (written for the Phoenix Chorale), using the “Agnus Dei” from the Latin Mass. If the range of dynamics tells you anything, expect to hear this prayer for peace build to full intensity and conclude in a hush—a broad spectrum of choral sound.

The recent arrest of two American citizens working in North Korea has brought attention to the curious case of Pyongyang University of Science and Technology (PUST), an American-founded, evangelical-affiliated school in the capital city of the world’s most notorious dictatorship.

It’s hard to think of a less likely place for American Christians to teach than North Korea, a country the United States has not had diplomatic ties with for over 60 years and where religious freedom does not exist.

Kim Hak Song and Kim Sang Duk, both Christians and professors teaching at PUST, the only private university in North Korea, were detained last month on charges of “hostile” acts or intent against the North Korean government—the same allegation that kept Youth With a Mission missionary Kenneth Bae in prison for more than two years, longer than any other American arrested in the country. (Bae was finally released, in ailing health, in 2014.)

PUST, which CT featured in 2012, is open about its affiliation but understandably reserved about evangelicalism. Its spokesperson has stated that the recent arrests are unrelated to activity at the school, which was founded by Korean-American evangelical James Kim in 2010 following the success of a similar venture—Yanbian University of Science and Technology (YUST)—on the Chinese side of the border.

“An unofficial deal was struck between PUST and the regime that allowed the evangelicals to build the school in Pyongyang, fund it, and teach the students, as long as they do not discuss Christianity in public,” Suki Kim, a writer who lived for six months at PUST, told The Washington Post. “PUST offers a mutually beneficial arrangement for both North Korea and the evangelicals. The regime gets free education for its youth and a modern facility, which can be used for propaganda, while the evangelicals get a footing in the remote nation.”

Both PUST and YUST hire mostly Christian faculty: dozens of US citizens, along with other foreigners, who consider the position missionary work. Suki Kim said the government regulates all curricula, but mostly allows the faculty to practice their faith in private. At any time, officials could opt to punish Christians for their activity or affiliations, sentencing them to severe punishments like lifelong manual labor or death.

Kim Hak Sang worked as a professor in agriculture, hoping to develop more efficient farming methods to allow North Korea to better feed its people. Kim Sang Duk (who also goes by Tony Kim) was a professor at YUST who visited the Pyongyang campus as a guest lecturer in accounting. He was detained when trying to board his return flight to China. Their arrests bring the total number of Americans behind bars in North Korea to four.

“North Korea is persecuting their savior, a person who came to help them,” one of Kim Hak Sang’s classmates told the Christian Post. “This is wrong.”

The professor raised funds for his work at PUST through the Sao Paulo Oriental Mission church, one of dozens of congregations around the globe that support professors at the two schools. Though they “can't directly preach the word of God, we can indirectly influence the people there by being good Christians,” said Abraham Kim, whose Chicago University Bible Fellowship donated ,000 to help fund PUST’s medical school, according to Business Insider.

The school has around 500 undergraduate and 60 graduate students, mostly male, studying fields like agriculture and life sciences, international finance, and computer engineering.

Under the “Great Leader” Kim Jong-un, North Korea remains the worst place in the world for Christian expression (or any kind of religious freedom), and is still at a standoff with US forces. Many are looking to President Donald Trump to address the detention of the two PUST professors, as well as two Americans—also believed to have ties to the church—who were taken into custody over the past two years.

“Obviously, this is concerning. We’re well aware of it and we’re going to work through the Embassy of Sweden … through our State Department, to seek the release of the individuals there,” said White House spokesman Sean Spicer on Monday.

Toronto megachurch pastor Hyeon-Soo Lim also remains detained in the country, arrested in 2015 after more than 100 visits to North Korea. He was accused of “subversive plots and activities” to set up a religious state.

In 2014, North Korea detained American Jeffrey Fowles for leaving behind a Bible, and arrested and released Australian missionary John Short, 75, for spreading Bible tracts near a Buddhist temple in Pyongyang. American missionary Robert Park deliberately got himself arrested and spent six weeks in a North Korean prison in 2010. "My hope was, through sacrifice, that maybe there would be repentance and people could come together to address issues in North Korea," Park told CT in an exclusive interview.

In addition to profiling PUST, CT previously featured the testimony of Joseph Kim, who escaped North Korea and found Christ through the Chinese church.

Conspirare

Sing Freedom! African-American Spirituals (Harmonia Mundi)

Founded in 1991 by director Craig Hella Johnson, Conspirare, a professional choral ensemble from Austin, Texas, derives its name from the Latin “con” and “spirare” meaning “to breathe together.” These 17 diverse titles, totaling 72 minutes, showcase the scope of their capable singing. The songs of the slaves remind us of the past and link us to the present, speaking with a message of immediacy under personal circumstance, perhaps explaining their universal appeal. Classic settings include William Dawson’s timeless “Soon Ah Will Be Done” and “Ain’t-a-that Good News,” along with three dynamic Moses Hogan arrangements, “I Got a Home in-a Dat Rock,” “Walk Together, Children,” and his engaging “Hold On!” These uplifting spirituals are especially gratifying to hear alongside newer arrangements. For instance, “Soon Ah Will Be Done” is preceded by a modern day version of the same spiritual as arranged by director, Craig Johnson, which he juxtaposes with “I Wanna Be Done.” Hearing these settings back to back demonstrates the spiritual’s relevancy for today, along with reverence for its earlier predecessor. Johnson also delivers an impressive rendition of the sorrowful “Motherless Child,” with first-rate solo work. If music gives us a glimpse of heaven, then the depth of humanity found within these spirituals offers clearer vision of amazing hope amid our struggles, easing our earthly burdens.

The recent arrest of two American citizens working in North Korea has brought attention to the curious case of Pyongyang University of Science and Technology (PUST), an American-founded, evangelical-affiliated school in the capital city of the world’s most notorious dictatorship.

It’s hard to think of a less likely place for American Christians to teach than North Korea, a country the United States has not had diplomatic ties with for over 60 years and where religious freedom does not exist.

Kim Hak Song and Kim Sang Duk, both Christians and professors teaching at PUST, the only private university in North Korea, were detained last month on charges of “hostile” acts or intent against the North Korean government—the same allegation that kept Youth With a Mission missionary Kenneth Bae in prison for more than two years, longer than any other American arrested in the country. (Bae was finally released, in ailing health, in 2014.)

PUST, which CT featured in 2012, is open about its affiliation but understandably reserved about evangelicalism. Its spokesperson has stated that the recent arrests are unrelated to activity at the school, which was founded by Korean-American evangelical James Kim in 2010 following the success of a similar venture—Yanbian University of Science and Technology (YUST)—on the Chinese side of the border.

“An unofficial deal was struck between PUST and the regime that allowed the evangelicals to build the school in Pyongyang, fund it, and teach the students, as long as they do not discuss Christianity in public,” Suki Kim, a writer who lived for six months at PUST, told The Washington Post. “PUST offers a mutually beneficial arrangement for both North Korea and the evangelicals. The regime gets free education for its youth and a modern facility, which can be used for propaganda, while the evangelicals get a footing in the remote nation.”

Both PUST and YUST hire mostly Christian faculty: dozens of US citizens, along with other foreigners, who consider the position missionary work. Suki Kim said the government regulates all curricula, but mostly allows the faculty to practice their faith in private. At any time, officials could opt to punish Christians for their activity or affiliations, sentencing them to severe punishments like lifelong manual labor or death.

Kim Hak Sang worked as a professor in agriculture, hoping to develop more efficient farming methods to allow North Korea to better feed its people. Kim Sang Duk (who also goes by Tony Kim) was a professor at YUST who visited the Pyongyang campus as a guest lecturer in accounting. He was detained when trying to board his return flight to China. Their arrests bring the total number of Americans behind bars in North Korea to four.

“North Korea is persecuting their savior, a person who came to help them,” one of Kim Hak Sang’s classmates told the Christian Post. “This is wrong.”

The professor raised funds for his work at PUST through the Sao Paulo Oriental Mission church, one of dozens of congregations around the globe that support professors at the two schools. Though they “can't directly preach the word of God, we can indirectly influence the people there by being good Christians,” said Abraham Kim, whose Chicago University Bible Fellowship donated ,000 to help fund PUST’s medical school, according to Business Insider.

The school has around 500 undergraduate and 60 graduate students, mostly male, studying fields like agriculture and life sciences, international finance, and computer engineering.

Under the “Great Leader” Kim Jong-un, North Korea remains the worst place in the world for Christian expression (or any kind of religious freedom), and is still at a standoff with US forces. Many are looking to President Donald Trump to address the detention of the two PUST professors, as well as two Americans—also believed to have ties to the church—who were taken into custody over the past two years.

“Obviously, this is concerning. We’re well aware of it and we’re going to work through the Embassy of Sweden … through our State Department, to seek the release of the individuals there,” said White House spokesman Sean Spicer on Monday.

Toronto megachurch pastor Hyeon-Soo Lim also remains detained in the country, arrested in 2015 after more than 100 visits to North Korea. He was accused of “subversive plots and activities” to set up a religious state.

In 2014, North Korea detained American Jeffrey Fowles for leaving behind a Bible, and arrested and released Australian missionary John Short, 75, for spreading Bible tracts near a Buddhist temple in Pyongyang. American missionary Robert Park deliberately got himself arrested and spent six weeks in a North Korean prison in 2010. "My hope was, through sacrifice, that maybe there would be repentance and people could come together to address issues in North Korea," Park told CT in an exclusive interview.

In addition to profiling PUST, CT previously featured the testimony of Joseph Kim, who escaped North Korea and found Christ through the Chinese church.

Jackie Evancho

Dream with Me (Integrity)

Since wowing viewers on America’s Got Talent as a 10-year-old, Evancho, now 11, has earned merited reputation as a budding soprano prodigy who sings with exquisite pitch and effortless vibrato while taking the stage with the confidence and the ease of someone way beyond in years. Produced and orchestrated by David Foster, Dream with Me showcases real conviction by this young artist, with songs that demonstrate both vocal delicacy and strength, mixing light classical repertoire right alongside popularly-recognized songs like “Somewhere” and “When You Wish upon a Star.” Her rendition of the Sarah McLachlan ballad, “Angel,” demonstrates that she’s knowledgeable about the impact music can evoke, giving a tenderhearted performance. Her sacred side is heard in “The Lord’s Prayer,” soaring on a high A-flat at its pinnacle moment. Two noteworthy collaborations include “A Mother’s Prayer” sung with another contest winner, Susan Boyle, and the phenomenal arrangement of “Somewhere” sung with one of her biggest supporters, Barbra Streisand.

UriTours / Flickr

Gloria Dei Cantores Schola

The Chants of the Angels (Gloria Dei Cantores)

For those who enjoy exploring the historical roots of sacred music, this compilation of expertly sung Gregorian chant is definitely worth consideration. Even before Christ’s birth, chant was used in sacred worship, and it’s conceivable that the songs that Jesus sang were based on melodies that have survived through the centuries. Through hymns, antiphons, alleluias, and other liturgical responses, here is an opportunity to listen and slow the inner spirit down with purity of unison singing that allows for meditation and peace. Great detail was given to this compilation, all centering on the significance of angels—as messengers, protectors, warriors, guardians. The vocalists, male and female, demonstrate rhythmic integrity and sensitive musical phrasing, and through the singing of chant express the wonder and mystery of the Christian faith with purity of tone. An exquisitely designed CD booklet serves as a guide to learning more about angels; it’s filled with art renderings, Scripture, and translations of each of the Latin texts.

Franklin Graham condemned the “Christian genocide” that’s killing “over 100,000 a year because of their faith in Christ” at a Washington, D.C., gathering of 600 persecuted believers and their advocates from 130 countries.

“I am sure the number of Christians who are in prison or martyred each year would stagger our mind if we really knew what the total number really was,” Graham told the opening session of the inaugural World Summit in Defense of Christians, reports Religion News Service. “And it would send us to our knees in sorrow and in prayer.”


More than 600 victims and advocates attended the summit.The figure of 100,000 martyrs that Graham cited originates from the Center for the Study of Global Christianity (CSGC), and includes all Christians “who have lost their lives prematurely, in situations of witness, as a result of human hostility.”

This definition is broad. For example, it includes about 20 percent of the 4 million people killed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s civil war, which significantly skews the 10-year average that the number represents.

It’s also highly debatable, as CT has reported. By comparison, Open Doors, a leading advocate for the persecuted church which verifies every death through witnesses when possible, counted just 1,207 Christians killed for faith-related reasons during the reporting period for its 2017 World Watch List. The prior year, it reported 7,000 martyrs.

However, what is not in dispute is that religious freedom violations have hit record highs in recent years, as extensively documented in the latest reports from Open Doors, the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US State Department, and Under Caesar’s Sword, among others. (The current debate: Does the US belong on such lists?)

A leading cause has been ISIS attacks on Christians, which advocates argued was “genocide”, and the State Department finally agreed.

Vice President Mike Pence also addressed the noteworthy gathering, decrying the genocidal actions of ISIS and pledging that the US would prioritize the protection of persecuted Christians (another current debate). Baptist Press offers more details on the DC summit.


The latest study from the Pew Research Center found that government restrictions and social hostilities regarding religion in 2015 (the latest year with data available) were actually down a bit from record highs in 2012, although up significantly from 2007 when Pew began keeping track.

Of the 198 countries in the study, 40 percent had high or very high levels of restrictions in 2015, up from 34 percent the year before.

The most noteworthy aspect of Pew’s report is that it breaks those restrictions into two groups—those passed by governments and those enforced by society.

Governmental restrictions include items such as blasphemy laws, bans against evangelism, and preventing religious groups from constructing houses of worship.

Societal restrictions include incidents such as the Palm Sunday bombings of two Coptic Orthodox churches in Egypt, violence against Christians in refugee camps, and the Boko Haram insurgency that killed more than 4,000 Christians in 2015.

Overall, more countries saw increases than decreases during the reporting period.

Governments harassed religious groups in 53 percent of the countries Pew surveyed, up from 43 percent in 2014 and 48 percent in 2013. Governmental use of force against religious groups was up also: 42 percent of countries used force against a religious group between 1 and 200 times in 2015, up from 30 percent in 2014.


While most of that governmental harassment or use of force happened in sub-Saharan Africa or the Middle East, Europe’s numbers are also on the rise. More than half of European countries increased governmental harassment of religious groups between 2014 and 2015.

In 2014, just eight European countries had used force against a religious group. In 2015, the number rose to 17.

Those incidents, which include verbal as well as physical abuse, were sometimes “related to Europe’s incoming refugee population,” Pew stated. More than half (54%) of the 1.3 million refugees applying for asylum in Europe in 2015 came from the war-torn, Muslim-majority countries of Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

The influx introduced several problems. Not only are Muslims in Europe discriminated against and feared, but Christians in majority-Muslim refugee camps are also threatened, insulted, and attacked.


The two European countries that saw force used most were France and Russia. France started 2015 with a mass shooting at the Charlie Hebdo magazine office in Paris; the year ended with another 130 killed in coordinated terrorist attacks across the city.

After both incidents, the government cracked down with late-night raids on Muslim homes and a strict enforcement of the ban on wearing face coverings in public spaces or government buildings. The response drove up the country’s number of forceful incidents. (CT asked experts what they thought of the ban.)

Russia’s numbers were also high. Pew took stock of the country before it outlawed evangelism outside of churches, but after it annexed Crimea in 2014. Crimean religious groups had to re-register with the government; of the 1,546 religious groups active in Crimea before the annexation, just 14 were left in 2015.

Russia continues to tighten religious restrictions; this month, the Supreme Court decided to label Jehovah’s Witnesses an extremist group and ban its activities (putting Russian evangelicals in a tight spot.)

Along with government restrictions, social hostilities in Europe also rose in 2015. Christians were the victims in 21 countries, up from 17 in 2014.

But social incidents against Muslims rose more; incidents were recorded in 32 countries, up from 26 countries in 2014. In France and Spain, mosques were attacked after the Charlie Hebdo shooting. France reported that hate speech, vandalism, and violence against Muslim individuals more than tripled in 2015.


But even though European government and social hostility toward religious groups grew in 2015, the region still falls far below the Middle East–North Africa.

Among the 25 most populous countries, “Egypt had the highest levels of government restrictions in 2015, while Nigeria had the highest levels of social hostilities,” Pew stated.

Nigeria’s social hostilities stem from Boko Haram, which attacked people in Cameroon, Niger, and Chad, as well as in Nigeria in 2015. In one attack, a suicide bomber was disguised in a burqa.

“Not only did these incidents contribute to an increase in the median level of social hostilities involving religion in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015, but also government policies and actions in response to the Boko Haram threat caused a rise in the median level of government restrictions,” Pew stated. For example, the governments of Cameroon, Niger, and Chad, along with the DRC, restricted the use of Islamic veils in public spaces.

“Compared with other regions, sub-Saharan Africa experienced the largest increases in both government restrictions and social hostilities involving religion in 2015,” Pew stated.

Overall, government restrictions rose worldwide; fewer countries are listed in the “low” or “high” categories, while the “very high” group grew from 16 countries to 23. The new additions: Morocco, Iraq, Algeria, Brunei, Eritrea, Singapore, Mauritania, and Vietnam.

The same number of countries stayed on the list of countries experiencing “very high” social hostilities, though Lebanon and Sri Lanka dropped off the list and Russia and Egypt were added. The number in the “low” category dropped from 98 to 87.

Sixteen countries had significant changes; of those, 12 saw increases in social hostility and four saw decreases. The largest increases were in Switzerland, the Philippines, Nepal, and Niger. In Niger, president Mahamadou Issoufou’s support of the victims of the Charlie Hebdo attack sparked two days of protest, during which 10 people were killed, 177 injured, and 70 Christian churches were destroyed.

Christians were harassed in 128 of the 198 countries Pew surveyed, up from 108 in 2014. Muslims were harassed in 125, up from 100 the year before.

Christians are “targeted by the highest number of governments in the Asia-Pacific region, where 33 countries harassed Christians in 2015,” Pew stated.


CT extensively reports on religious freedom and persecution, including how Open Doors’ annual World Watch List “aims for effective anger.”

Stanton Lanier

A Thousand Years (Music to Light the World)

The Atlanta-based pianist and composer Stanton Lanier learned the power of music after leaving the corporate world to pursue a career in music ministry. His seventh solo recording, A Thousand Years delivers the message of God’s hope and peace with soothing hymn melodies wrapped around familiar classical tunes. Through his innovative Get Music Give Hope initiative, part of Lanier’s Music to Light The World ministry, these CDs will find their way into countless hospitals and cancer centers, offering comfort through mesmerizing, gentle compositions. The title track forms the thematic foundation stemming from the Psalmist’s words, “A thousand years in your sight are like a day that has just gone by, or like a watch in the night,” and here Lanier combines an original melody with “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” and “It Is Well with My Soul.” Every selection is inspired by Scripture and incorporates something familiar with something new. “For a Lifetime of Blessing” centers on The Doxology, while “Across the Skies” features Pachelbel’s Canon in D. A touch of English horn, guitar and vocals gives the sensation of beauty and inspiration, allowing for meditation, reflection and quiet worship.

Mormon Tabernacle Choir

This Is the Christ (MTC)

The Mormon Tabernacle Choir and Orchestra deliver another glorious recording in this compilation focusing on the attributes of Jesus Christ. This inspirational CD is a mix of tastefully arranged, nostalgic hymnody, like the rarely-heard “Sunshine in My Soul” and the uplifting “Softly and Tenderly Jesus Is Calling” featuring the women of the chorus. Mack Wilberg’s setting of the 23rd Psalm, “The Lord My Pasture Will Prepare,” borrows from a Russian Christmas carol creating a quaint, pastoral moment with spirited, lilting rhythms. The unsurpassed orchestral accompaniment perfectly complements the choral richness, as in the title track, a dramatic portrayal centering on the Apostle Peter’s words from the Gospel of Matthew. Classic choral works round out the treasury, giving listeners another great experience from an American mainstay.

Billy Graham Evangelistic Association

The St. Olaf Choir

Great Hymns of Faith, Vol. III (St. Olaf Records)

Coming from one of America’s most preeminent choral institutions, the St. Olaf Choir models a superior sound featuring 75 mixed voices under the well-respected leadership of Anton Armstrong. With this third volume of Great Hymns of Faith, listeners are rewarded with something unique in a playlist of hymnody that will stand the test of time. Using a wide selection of hymns both classic and new, the arrangements give expression to the melodies and texts in a fresh, yet straightforward approach, as in “Rock of Ages,” unaccompanied and performed at a tempo and mood that allows for deeper reflection. The festive “Joyful, Joyful, We Adore Thee,” arranged by St. Olaf’s acclaimed organist, John Ferguson, includes a splendid fanfare for organ and brass which leads into a choral proclamation: “Make a joyful noise to the Lord; come into God’s presence with a song.” The choir showcases its ability to sing with skillful inflections in a handful of global pieces, including a setting of the traditional Cameroon song, “Praise, Praise the Lord!” (known by the tune name (African Processional”).

Pew Research Center

James Whitbourn

Living Voices (Naxos)

Loss and remembrance provide the framework for the newest release from the gifted young British composer, James Whitbourn. The album features his breathtaking “Son of God Mass” scored for choir, organ, and an astonishing display of soprano saxophone. This powerful music calls for an expansive pallet of otherworldly colors and sounds encased within the Latin words of the Mass, and through them a mesmerizing, spiritual journey ensues. With piercing intensity, the emotion-filled saxophone solo moves in and around the score with sweeping melodies—all accompanied by the pipe organ and expansive choral writing. The title track, written in response to 9/11, incorporates spoken word poetry and possesses a mood of reverence, underscored by sustained choral voices and solo saxophone. The performers are the pristine voices of the Westminster Williamson Voices from Westminster Choir College of Princeton, New Jersey, masterfully conducted by James Jordan.

Jane Holstein, an editor with Hope Publishing Company, is an arranger, choral clinician, organist, worship planner, and concert artist, residing in Wheaton, Illinois, with her husband, David L. Weck. She is also Director of Music Ministries at First Presbyterian Church in River Forest, Illinois.

Copyright © 2011 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

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