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Bill Frist, the new Senate Majority Leader, strode into Room S. 207 at the Capitol, where he was to meet with roughly 30 Christian and African leaders on February 5. The topic was how to battle HIV/AIDS worldwide, and the Tennessee Republican had come not to fault the efforts of Christians but to praise them.

"In my eight years here, evangelicals have now stepped up to the plate. They represent a great hope, and I think there's a great awakening on this issue," said Frist, according to meeting participants. "The ultimate cure cannot be found without the church."

Frist's comments highlight the dramatic change in evangelical responsiveness to the HIV/AIDS problem overseas. Richard Cizik, vice president of governmental affairs for the National Association of Evangelicals, recalls that ten years ago he was one of two evangelicals to attend a White House conference on HIV/AIDS.

Christians today, in contrast, are lobbying for specific strategies to prevent infection and care for people with HIV/AIDS.

In his January 28 State of the Union address, President Bush proposed that the federal government spend $15 billion over the next five years to fight the disease in Africa and the Caribbean. Of that amount, $10 billion would be new money, a tripling of previous funding.

Twelve of the 14 countries in Bush's plan lie in southern Africa, where tens of millions of families have been hit by the virus. "We're very pleased by what the President has said and is doing on this," said Steve Haas, vice president for church relations with World Vision.

Decimated early on by HIV/AIDS, Uganda is emerging as the Bush administration's model for fighting the virus in southern Africa. First Lady Laura Bush welcomed Peter Mugyenyi, director of the Joint Clinical Research Center in Uganda, as her guest during the State of the Union. Uganda's plan is called ABC, an acronym for Abstain, Be faithful, or use a Condom. Unlike South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Kenya, Uganda has sought to prevent the disease mostly by encouraging citizens to abstain from sexual activity or remain faithful to one partner.

Uganda has succeeded in taming the virus. According to an academic study commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and released last July, the country of 24 million is "considered to be one of the world's earliest and best success stories in overcoming HIV." The share of Ugandans with the disease dropped from 15 percent in 1991 to 5 percent in 2001, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS.

Still, 600,000 Ugandans had HIV/AIDS at the end of 2001, according to USAID. Life expectancy for Ugandans has dropped from 54 to 43 since 1989.

Religious groups are central to the plan's overall success, the USAID report notes, because they "wield enormous influence in Africa." It says that in 1991 Ugandan Christians organized a workshop for bishops and other religious leaders, and those leaders in turn began HIV/AIDS prevention and care programs throughout the country.

Nevertheless, Uganda's approach is likely to attract criticism from some conservatives for its position concerning condom use. Condom usage increased substantially among men and women from 1995 to 2001 in Uganda, according to the USAID report.

The report also found that condoms played a lesser role in reducing HIV/AIDS rates than did abstinence and fidelity. Several Republicans and evangelical leaders seized on this finding to promote the Uganda model. Pennsylvania Republican Senator Rick Santorum said Uganda's approach is the most effective.

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April 2003, Vol. 47, No. 4