In this series
Aquinas
1225 Thomas Aquinas born at Roccasecca
1230 Begins studies at Montecassino
1239 Continues studies at University of Naples
1244 Joins Dominicans; family protests decision by imprisoning him for a year
1245 Released by his family, Thomas goes to Paris to study with Albert the Great
1248 Accompanies Albert to newly founded Dominican school at Cologne
1250 Ordained a priest
1252 Returns to Paris; writes Contra impugnantes Dei cultum, a defense of mendicant orders
1256 Named master of theology at Paris
1259 Sent to Italy, where he would teach at Anagni, Orvieto, Rome, and Viterbo
c. 1260 Begins Summa contra Gentiles
c. 1265 Begins Summa Theologica
1269 Recalled to Paris to combat Averroist Siger of Brabant and other philosophers
1273 Suddenly stops work on Summa Theologica
1274 Dies at Fossanova, en route to Council of Lyons
1277 219 Thomistic propositions condemned at Paris
1278 Dominican General Chapter formally imposes his teachings on the order
Monasticism
c. 1200 Albert the Great born
1203 Dominic de Guzman preaches against heretical Cathars
1206 Francis of Assisi renounces wealth
1209 Albert, patriarch of Jerusalem, establishes ascetic rule for Carmelite order
1210 Pope Innocent III approves Friars Minor (Franciscans)
1212 Clare, a disciple of Francis, founds Poor Clares, a female Franciscan order
1215 Fourth Lateran Council models guidelines for monastic observance on Cistercian system
1216 Order of Preachers (Dominicans) approved
1220 Famed preacher Antony of Padua joins Franciscans
—Francis resigns leadership of his order
1221 Dominic dies
1226 Francis dies
1243 Bonaventure joins Franciscans
1245 Division between Conventuals and Spirituals roils Franciscan order
1247 Renegade Franciscans begin crusade against Jews in Vienne; Pope Innocent IV disowns them
1257 Bonaventure, elected Franciscan Minister General, seeks to heal order’s internal divisions
1265 John Duns Scotus born
1274 Bonaventure dies
Academia
1200 University of Paris founded
1204 Influential Jewish scholar Maimonides dies
1209 Unrest in Oxford drives a group of scholars to settle in Cambridge
1210 Lecturing on Aristotle prohibited at Paris
1214 Oxford University given first privileges
1221 Emperor Frederick founds University of Padua
1224 University of Naples founded
1231 Parisian ban on teaching Aristotle lifted
1240 Works of Averroes become known
—Albert the Great and Roger Bacon begin work on Aristotle
1244 University of Rome founded
1247 University of Siena founded
1248 Albert founds faculty of theology at Cologne
—Bonaventure begins teaching at Paris
1252 Paris masters pick fight with mendicant orders
1258 Sorbonne founded as college for theology students within University of Paris
1263 William of Moerbeke, a Dominican, makes new translation of Aristotle
1270 Bishop of Paris condemns Latin Averroism
World Events
1202 Leonardo Fibonacci helps popularize superior Arabic math with publication of Liber Abaci1204 Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople, the Eastern Christian capital
1209 Thousands of Cathars (and Catholics) die at sack of Béziers, France
1212 Muslim forces lose major battle near Toledo, Spain
1215 King John of England seals Magna Carta; Innocent III annuls it
1217 Peter Waldo, founder of Waldensians (a proto-Protestant group in the Alps), dies
1220 Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor
1227 A Japanese monk returning from China introduces Zen Buddhism to Japan
1232 Inquisition set in motion by Frederick, then taken over by Pope Gregory IX
1240 Sultana Raziyya of Delhi, the first female Muslim ruler, killed by Turkish-backed Hindu troops
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