Women have long been the backbone of religion in America.
They are more likely than men to identify as religious, say faith is important in their lives, attend services, and pray. That’s especially true among older women, according to data from the Pew Research Center.
But times are changing. And more young women seem to be giving up on God—or at least on organized religion.
A new report last week from the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) found that 43 percent of adult women under 30 identify as “none”—those who claim no religious identity. That’s up from 29 percent in 2013.
PRRI found that unaffiliated young women outnumber unaffiliated men (35%). Overall, 39 percent of Americans under 30 identify as “none.”
The findings conflict with claims of a religious boom among young Americans.
“Looking at young adults, there is a shift happening, but it’s not among Gen Z men, as some suggest. Instead, young women’s declining religiosity has brought them on par with their male counterparts,” said Melissa Deckman, CEO of PRRI.
Key religious indicators—such as identifying with a religion or praying daily—have declined among adults of all ages over the last decade. But studies have also measured a shrinking religion gender gap among young people. Pew found that only 57 percent of young women and 58 percent of young men claim a religious identity—a virtual tie.
Deckman said the data reflects political and social realities. Many young women, she said, aren’t interested in the kind of traditional gender roles that conservative religious groups are promoting.
“I think you’re running into this head-on collision, where a lot of younger women are just shedding religious labels because they don’t endorse the views of a lot of conservative and outspoken churches,” Deckman said.
Charissa Mikoski, an assistant professor at Hartford Institute for Religion Research, said that overall, women still make up about 60 percent of active congregation members. Mikoski is part of a team that studies trends in congregational life, rather than the general population. While young women—both millennials and Generation Z—attend services slightly less than men, they are still more likely than men to be part of a congregation.
“In all of our data, women are still much more likely to be participating in congregations,” she said.
Young people make up only about 14 percent of all church members, despite being about a quarter of the US population. But Mikoski noted that the percentage of young people who say they are attending more regularly outnumbers the percentage who say they are attending less often.
And there’s no sign that religion in America will disappear anytime soon.
PRRI’s report, along with reports from Pew and other researchers, found that the rise of the unaffiliated—which has dominated religion headlines in recent decades—has plateaued. The percentage of Americans who claim no religion rose from 16 percent in 2007 to 31 percent in 2022, according to Pew, before settling at about 28 percent.
Although the share of the population that is unaffiliated will likely rise as older religious Americans die and are replaced by younger, less devout Americans, most surveys show that more than half of young Americans are religious.
Deckman said religious groups will persist but be smaller.
“I think the great irony is that we have a nation of people that are lonely—they’re looking for connection,” Deckman said. “And in some ways, you would think that religious bodies would be the ideal place to have that.”
PRRI’s report also showed stark differences in the religious makeup of the country’s two major political parties. Republicans remain overwhelmingly Christian—84 percent of Republicans identified as Christians, including 68 percent who were white Christians. Only 13 percent were “none.”
By contrast, the unaffiliated (34%) now outnumber white Christians (24%) among Democrats. Just over half (58%) of Democrats identify as Christian, while 8 percent identify with other faiths.
