Subscribe to Christianity Today
Subscribe to Christianity Today
Donate to Christianity Today
login | my account
February 9, 2012

Home > 2009 > MarchChristianity Today, March, 2009
The Other Side of Church Growth
Philip Jenkins says we need a theology of church extinction.




The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia — and How It Died
by Philip Jenkins
HarperOne, October 2008
297 pp., $19.99


In our time, we are witnessing an extraordinary phenomenon: the virtual wiping out of the church in a place it has existed for nearly 2,000 years. The plight of Iraq's Christian community reminds us that church expansion is not a constantly upward slope.

In his 2002 book The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity, historian Philip Jenkins told the world where Christianity was heading. In his latest—The Lost History of Christianity: The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia — and How It Died (HarperOne, 2008)—Jenkins looks at where it has come from. The Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities at Penn State University, Jenkins first notes that the faith is not rooted in any one culture. "The more you look at history, the more you realize Christianity is not solely a European religion," he says. "It's European, but it's also Asian and African, and it has a long history of developing in very different societies."

Second, Jenkins shows how and why churches in entire regions have died. Christianity Today's managing editor for special projects, Stan Guthrie, spoke with Jenkins.

What causes church death?

In no case that I can see does a church simply fade away through indifference. What kills a church is persecution. What kills a church is armed force, usually in the interest of another religion or an antireligious ideology, and sometimes that may mean the destruction or removal of a particular ethnic community that practices Christianity. So churches die by force. They are killed.

But what about the old saying, "The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church"?

That was said by Tertullian, who came from the church in North Africa, where the church vanished. If you were to look at the healthiest part of Christianity right around the year 400 or 500, you might well look at North Africa, roughly what we call Tunisia and Algeria. It was the land of Augustine. Then the Arabs, the Muslims, arrive. They conquer Carthage in a.d. 698, and 100 years later—I don't say there were no Christians there, but there certainly was only a tiny, tiny number. That church dies.

Why does persecution sometimes strengthen a church and other times wipe it out?

The difference is how far the church establishes itself among the mass of people and doesn't just become the church of a particular segment, a class or ethnic group. In North Africa, it's basically the church of Romans and Latin-speakers, as opposed to the church of peasants, with whom the Romans don't have much connection. When the Romans go, Christianity goes with them.

But Christianity establishes itself very early as a religion of the ordinary, everyday people in Egypt as things get translated into Coptic. As a result, after almost 1,400 years under Muslim rule, there is still a thriving Coptic church that represents [perhaps] 10 percent of the Egyptian people—which I would personally put forward as the greatest example of Christian survival in history.

How do lessons like that apply to Iraq, where Christians are under pressure from Muslims?

Iraq is a classic example of a church that is killed over time. The church will probably cease to exist within my lifetime. It has probably gone from a figure of about 5 percent to what it is now, 0.5 percent, in the last 50 years or so. You can't continue losses like that forever. At some point, you are down to the last one or two people.





Christianity Today


  


Subscribe to Christianity Today and get 3 free trial issues. No credit card required.

Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Offer valid in U.S. only.

If you decide you want to keep Christianity Today coming, honor your invoice for just $19.95 and receive nine more issues, a full year in all. If not, simply write "cancel" across the invoice and return it. The three trial issues are yours to keep, regardless.


Click here for international orders2-for-1 Gifts!

Displaying 1–5 of 30 comments

Raymond Takashi Swenson

March 26, 2009  6:33pm

I would be interested in Phillip Jenkin's comparison of the experience of persecuted Christians in the Near East and the persecution of the Mormons in America, which involved official government persecution by the State of Missouri, which drove the Mormons to Illinois, then of Illinois, which drove the Mormons to Utah Territory, and then thirty years of persecution by the Federal government. The Federal persecution included an Army campaign in 1857-58, the last major military action of the Army before the Civil War, and culminated in laws that disincorporated the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, confiscated its church buildings, and took away the civil rights of Mormons. Mind you, all of the people who attacked the Mormons thought they were being good Christians while doing it, as is still the case today. Intolerant Christians are not in a good position to complain about intolerant Muslims.

Johann

March 26, 2009  10:33am

Interesting article. However, one solution is to have lots of babies and bring them up with a solid faith formation, which is something I don't see in superficial American evangelicalism. Look at Ireland: you Proddies tried to literally exterminate the Irish Catholics for hundreds of years yet the Faith emerged stronger than ever because the Catholics had a spiritual perspective, not a materialist one. In Northern Ireland, Catholics will soon outnumber their Protestant oppressors because the Prods worship birth control while the Catholics have bigger families.

Tesfatadelle

March 24, 2009  10:45am

Thank you, Pete Benson for declaring the Truth. We do not need man's explanations (Robert in Amman) when we have the guidance from the Holy Scriptures. Yes, Revelation 2 and 3 stand forever more. We can find blames everywhere if we look for them and not look at His word.

Dave N.

March 22, 2009  12:37pm

This is an interesting topic, but I think blaming church collapse on persecution (which seems to be the general gist of the article) is a mistake. Ironically, Christianity in Iraq, though certainly in the minority, was relatively stable until the the US invasion. World events and shifts in power play a huge role. In this vein, Jenkins needs to study the growth of Islam in the Near East and Africa in the 9th and 10th centuries a little more closely. His approach, if I understand it, would be something akin (though not an exact analogy) to blaming the growth of Islam in contemporary England on persecution of Christians. Christianity and Byzantine rule of Africa and the Near East was on the wane long before the Arabs came along. The muslim conquest took advantage of a spiritual vacuum and hatred of foreign rule, resulting in the spread of a religion not seen since fourth century Rome.

H. D. Schmidt

March 21, 2009  7:36am

The greatest and latest shameful culprit in destroying Christianity worldwide, and even in America itself, and of recent, was none other than the man whose hero he claimed was Jesus and said that he prays and reads the Bible daily, is none other than George W. with the full support of his cronies close by plus the thousands if not millions of the most Conservative American Christians. Yes, historically speaking, Satan always used Christianity to wipe out Christianity, and he did a master piece as now America and even in full violation of the US Constitution, has fully converted itself into the most abusive and far-reaching Empire the world has ever heretofore known, and does so by constantly demanding of God to bless America. Yes, of late wiping out Christianiy in Iraq for the sake of oil, nothing else period. Yes, the mass graves of Saddam, oponed up while at the same time, America is the mass grave of around 50 million of unborn babies, as the butcher shops remain open!

You must be a Christianity Today subscriber or have created a FREE registration to post comments
[Browse More Christianity Today]



Search
Search
Search
Scripture Search
Go Deeper

Books & Culture
Christianity Today
Church Law & Tax Report
Church Finance Today
Leadership Journal
Men of Integrity
Kyria.com
ChristianityTodayLibrary.com
PreachingToday.com