Church Life

Blind Band Revives Traditional Worship in Lebanon’s Churches

Group seeks to open the eyes of Arab hearts through oriental quarter-note melodies.

Boutros Wehbe (right) partnering with blind musicians in Lebanon.

Boutros Wehbe (right) partnering with blind musicians in Lebanon.

Christianity Today June 23, 2023
Courtesy of Horizons

The captivating music emanates from a humble room in a quiet suburb of Beirut. Music made uniquely “oriental” by its use of quarter notes, the sounds created by the musicians practicing inside are different from ones a Western ear would be used to.

Well suited to stringed instruments such as the oud and violin, the melody is surprising to hear emanate from an organ and piano. With the mere roll of a dial, modern electronics can recreate the notes—but not without the skill testifying to the musicians’ talent.

The quality draws in neighbors occasionally peering through the door.

Boutros Wehbe, a warm, cheerful man in his 50s, is one of the founders of I Can See, a music group set up two years ago with the aim of preserving the traditional forms and styles of Lebanese music.

“It was a dream for me,” he said, “to find musicians like these guys to play oriental music within the churches.”

“These guys” are not only professionally trained—they are also legally blind.

Wehbe, however, is fully sighted but a self-confessed untrained singer. Despite being the composer of two evangelical worship CDs, he is unable to read music. The words and notes he weaves together are all created in his head. But this only amplifies the professionalism and expertise of the others, displayed in their ability to quickly pick up on his ideas and make his creations a reality.

Each musician comes from a background of music training mostly within the context of Lebanon’s schools for the blind.

The group includes Milios Awad (“The Maestro” on piano), Ziad Pawli (double organ), Fadi Homsy (drums), Mohamad Rammal (darbuka), and Gabi Khalil (violin). Among them are many years of musical experience in restaurants and nightclubs, as well as with well-known Lebanese singers and musicians.

None would say that being blind has been a hindrance to what they have been able to achieve, evidenced by their capacity to create music of such a high standard.

“In Lebanon they are surprised when they see a blind person doing anything,” said Milios, laughing. “Once, someone asked me, ‘How can you play the violin when you can’t even see your fingers?’ I said, ‘I don’t need to see my fingers. Even sighted people, when they play the piano, they close their eyes.’”

Cherishing the multireligious heritage of Lebanon, Wehbe has brought together individuals from Orthodox, Maronite, Catholic, and Muslim backgrounds. Despite their differences, a sense of friendship and unity is palpable as they practice together. Their faith, diversity, and love of music shapes the work that they do.

But it is also free and infectious. Mohamad became a Christian largely through the witness of the group, while his brother and part-time member, Ali, remains in his Muslim confession.

“We want to serve God through music,” said Fadi, Mohamad’s brother-in-law. “This was Boutros’s dream, and it is to glorify him.”

Milios, who is Catholic and one of the most experienced of the band, has played in the past with Lebanese legends like Toni Kiwan and Samir Yazbek. He said his walk with God has deepened through the band.

“It’s my first time playing such hymns, and I love most of them,” he said. “And let me tell you, I really respect people like Boutros and Fadi, because I respect anyone who is living truly his faith.”

The enjoyment they have in one another’s company is also clear as they joke together, including about who should drive the car. There is an ease and a joy in their common vision to see Lebanese oriental music preserved and treasured.

But for the last hundred years, Christian music in Lebanon, especially evangelical, has been highly influenced by the West, said Nour Botros, manager of BeLight FM, based in Beirut. He called Wehbe “anointed” and plays his songs within a mix of contemporary and traditional praise on the noteworthy Christian radio station.

Early missionaries translated many hymns into Arabic, a process repeated in the 1990s by international trends in worship music, he said. The latter then sparked an imitative indigenous creativity, mostly from Egypt and highly popular among young people. A Westerner walking into a church in Lebanon will often hear familiar tunes, even if they are unable to understand the words.

“We listen to English-language worship a lot, and it impacts our creativity,” said Botros. “To hear God’s praise in traditional style is beautiful, and honors our heritage as Arabs.”

In the southern city of Sidon, members of the audience stood up and danced as the troupe performed the gospel-infused lyrics.

“I acknowledge you as my King Here is my life in your hands Do with it what you want Come and reign in over my heart.”

These words were brought to life as Fadi shared his testimony. Once, when he was trying to find the stairs in a still-under-construction office building, he fell from the second floor into an empty elevator shaft. Landing in the basement amid jutting iron prongs, somehow he suffered only the slightest of injuries.

“I should have been dead,” Fadi told the amazed audience. “But as God miraculously saved my life, he can also save us also from our sin—if we believe in him.”

In addition to Wehbe’s creative outlet in I Can See, he is the senior director of field ministries for Horizons, a Lebanese organization working alongside churches to disciple and equip them in ministry.

Part of his calling is to let churches know that they can produce music themselves. Through concerts, guest worship leading, and his simple infectious style—not to mention the partnership with the physically challenged—he offers a pattern that everyone can imitate.

“We have talents, and we have the Holy Spirit working inside us,” he said. “So why all the time do we want to use outside melodies?”

Unfortunately, despite the best efforts of I Can See, members fear that Western styles may have already displaced the traditional. Milios blames the modern addiction to phone screens. Wehbe chides Christian media for “following the cheap music around the world.”

Fixing it will take time, he said.

Lebanon is a country in the depths of an economic crisis. People are struggling financially, and businesses are closing. Musicians and music teachers are not exempt. The Lebanese National Music Conservatory described empty classrooms and dusty pianos, images reflective of the experiences of many in Beirut.

However, this group and the musicians in it are seeking to demonstrate a different story. Their faith in Jesus and love of music, as well the vibrancy with which they express the gifts and passion they have been given, expresses confidence in something greater than their circumstances.

“My joy is found singing to the Lord,” Wehbe says. “God will provide everything we need, as we proclaim the gospel through the beauty of traditional oriental music.”

Church Life

Transgender Teens, Pronouns, and Preferred Names: Youth Pastors Grapple with New Questions

In evangelical churches, Gen Z is forcing a discussion on LGBT hospitality.

Christianity Today June 23, 2023
Sushil Nash / Unsplash

With transgender identity continuing to rise in the US, evangelical pastors are challenged to think through how they might welcome a trans person attending their church. For many conservative pastors, this scenario may still be a hypothetical. But odds are, for the youth in their congregation, the question of how to relate to their transgender peers is already a reality.

Nearly 20 percent of those who identify as transgender in the United States are between the ages of 13 and 17, which means that most teens today go to school alongside students who identify as trans.

High school and college students have ushered in an influx of questions and scenarios that their church leaders and mentors hadn’t faced growing up. They’re considering their witness in contexts where some can see it as hateful or discriminatory to believe gender remains tied to biological sex.

Northview Church in Carmel, Indiana, holds a biblically orthodox view on gender and sexuality, and high school pastor Jude Wright knows how sensitive the topic can be. He encourages students to lead with relationships with their friends and classmates, citing the example of Jesus meeting people where they were.

“There was a generation where they just tried to pound truth and pound Bible without having relationship,” said Wright. “And that’s just not the culture we live in nowadays.”

Among the youth group of about 150, students regularly ask questions about sexuality and gender. In response, Wright first points to the love and compassion in God’s character, emphasizing his goodness in the midst of identity struggles and confusion.

“They’re asking … if God is good, can you prove it to me? How can I experience that for myself?” Wright said. He believes churches can reflect that goodness as they respond to these questions with empathy, love, and sensitivity.

As transgender identity becomes more prevalent, more surveys and testimonies reflect the challenges faced by those who are transgender, including verbal harassment, physical attacks, and sexual assault. The 2022 National Survey on LGBTQ Youth Mental Health Survey reported that the majority of LGBT teens experienced depression and that trans individuals specifically considered suicide at a higher rate than others.

Many transgender youth are raised in Christian families and identify as Christians themselves. The most comprehensive survey data comes from the National Center for Transgender Equality, an advocacy group, which found that 19 percent of those who had previously been part of a religious community left “due to rejection.” Evangelical pastors strive to be sensitive to those struggling with gender dysphoria and uphold Christian teachings on gender and sexuality.

“When I started in youth ministry six years ago, students were still asking about evolution, miracles, and the problem of evil,” said Cris O’Brien, youth pastor at Eau Gallie First Baptist Church in Melbourne, Florida. “Those questions have ­… largely been displaced by questions about sexuality and gender.”

Because this is what students are thinking and talking about so much, the church “cannot afford to sit on the sidelines of this conversation,” he said. Those working to understand gender identity are “sheep without a shepherd” and need to hear the truth in love.

Shane Pruitt, director of Gen Send, has seen the same trend.

“I used to get questions all the time about ‘How do I reach my Muslim friend—or some other world religion—with the gospel?” said Pruitt. “Now I’m more often getting questions about how ‘How do I reach people who identify as LGBTQIA with the gospel?’”

Church policies

Even churches that believe people are created by God as male and female have varying approaches and policies around transgender youth. In a private Facebook group with over 11,000 youth leaders from a variety of backgrounds, a post on the subject of gender pronouns drew a slew of comments.

Using a child’s preferred pronouns can be an “essential piece of their mental health,” said one person. Another wrote that using nonbiological pronouns is against “the Truth of God’s word,” putting “souls at stake.”

“They need truth, and not a continuation of the twisted agenda trying to shove its way into the church,” wrote another pastor. One group member said her church addresses everyone as “friend” to avoid pronoun miscommunication.

On the 9Marks site last year, pastor Zach Carter wrote that his previous church offered a written policy that included what to do if a transgender student attended youth group activities. The policy required that participating students “live and present according to their biologically assigned sex.” This included biologically correct pronouns, dress, appropriate bathrooms, locker rooms, assigned sleeping arrangements, groups, and classes.

Some churches without specific guidance or policies have incorporated conversations about gender identity into sermon series, which can influence youth group conversations.

Aaron Swain, pastor of students and operations at Freedom Church in Lincolnton, North Carolina, said the church covered the issue of transgender identity in a sermon titled “Beauty, Brokenness and the Gender Binary” that “portrayed God’s plan for human sexuality as good and beautiful.”

“It was not our goal to complain about people with whom we disagree,” he said. “We pushed our members to view their transgender neighbors and coworkers with genuine care and sympathy—not with disdain, jokes, or mockery.”

Swain frequently digs deeper into the sermons during youth meetings, recently walking students through 1 Corinthians and addressing issues like the nature of marriage, sexuality, divorce, and gender roles.

“I also host a Q&A night once a semester where students can ask me anything. I regularly receive questions about LGBTQ+ issues,” Swain said. “The thrust is always the same: Hold out God’s design as good and beautiful, love your LGBTQ+ neighbor with genuine affection, and point everyone to the gospel of Jesus Christ.”

Pruitt said students are eager to speak openly about the issues.

“It’s the leaders who are nervous about these discussions,” Pruitt told CT. “Silence isn’t an option if we’re going to reach a generation with the gospel.”

Former student ministry leader Seth Stewart wrote about the time a student approached him and announced he was transgender. Stewart said he prayed silently as the student spoke, and then he thanked him for his vulnerability.

“I then told him that his story deserved to be heard in all its complexities, because he is a unique person created in God’s image,” Stewart wrote. “I told him it would be an injustice to have this conversation in the last 20 minutes left of youth group, when he deserved far more.”

Stewart said he asked a few more questions and then asked the student if he would meet another time to talk in more depth.

“Before we parted ways, I told him I believed in a traditional, biblical sexual ethic, that I didn’t want him to be surprised in our future conversations when I did not affirm same-sex attraction or gender transition,” Stewart added. “Nevertheless, I was interested to hear his full story.”

Stewart’s church decided to add details to its bylaws about transgender identity, including how to communicate truth to students and share information about students and their questions within the church.

The pronoun debate

Among Christians, pronouns are one of the most discussed and controversial elements of hospitality toward transgender people.

“We should respect the conscience of the believer who cannot bring themselves to use someone’s preferred pronouns and the convictions of the believer who feels like using those pronouns is lying and unloving,” said David Sanchez, who works through gender and sexuality issues as the director of ethics and justice for the Christian Life Commission of Texas Baptists.

“We can also admire the efforts of believers who use someone’s preferred pronouns with the intention of wanting to build a lasting relationship where they can show Christ’s love."

Mike McGarry, founder and pastor at Youth Pastor Theologian, said his view on pronouns has changed over time.

“For the sake of evangelism, I simply use the gender and name that visitors ask me to use,” McGarry told CT. “But for students who grew up in the church or whom I already know … I share with them that using their preferred pronoun is really hard for me.”

McGarry said he tries to use their preferred names most of the time, which can allow him to take a more gracious posture toward a nonbelieving student.

When guiding youth leaders in ministry, McGarry recommends sticking with coed groupings to help avoid difficulties for those who struggle with gender identity. Asking them not to join a group with their preferred gender would feel “disingenuous,” he said.

McGarry said he doesn’t allow sexuality or gender conversations to dominate the ministry’s priorities.

“I engage the LGBTQ issue similarly to the mental health crisis: They are frequently mentioned in subtle ways as application points when the biblical text addresses it,” he said. “But, in general, the youth leadership team works to cultivate a ministry atmosphere where students who are struggling are welcome and know that we want to support them as we lead them in accordance with Scripture.”

More conservative entities like Focus on the Family have also put out resources for youth leaders and parents. Though they do not advocate using nonbiological pronouns, they direct people toward compassion-based responses that recognize the many factors surrounding gender dysphoria, including the “spiritual, psychological, social and possibly biological.”

Across the country

Leaders at churches in urban and more liberal areas of the country like New York City and Washington State, which has one of the most dense populations of LGBT individuals, regularly encounter the issue, especially among young people.

In Seattle, youth minister Katy Faust finds herself welcoming kids she calls “pre-Christian” to youth group. With mixed company of both lifelong churchgoers and newcomers, Faust said she grounds her teaching in compassion and the reality of the body.

“We always circle back to the reality that we are a body and soul in unity and that our bodies are not an obstacle to our true selves,” Faust said. “Our bodies tell us something true about how we are to live.”

Faust said because she “front-loads” teachings with a “robust apologetic of the human person” and a Christian worldview, topics like pronouns, gender, and sexuality are already anchored in established ideology from which to teach.

The emphasis on empathy and compassion was universal among those CT spoke with for this story. In a sermon streamed online, pastor Josh Howerton told the audience he’d be talking about transgender issues, requesting that no one clap or say “amen” during his preaching that day because it could be “very painful” and misinterpreted as “being against” those individuals.

Given the quick rise of transgender identification in the United States, it’s not surprising that churches are playing catch-up with the issue. Several evangelical pastors working with youth told CT they believe it’s possible to maintain orthodox Christian standards while loving transgender youth with compassion and truth within the context of relationship.

“The reason [Jesus] is able to approach people and not affirm everything they do, and still have it lead to transformation,” said Wright, the pastor from Northview, “is because he always builds relationship equity at the beginning of his encounters.”

News

Let There Be Lite: Offline Bible App Launches in Africa, Asia

Millions have downloaded YouVersion’s new “lite” app, designed for mobile users without access to broadband internet.

Christianity Today June 23, 2023
Olumide Bamgbelu / Unsplash

Bible apps have brought a trove of resources to anyone with a smartphone—and an internet connection.

But after hearing feedback from Christians in places where people can’t access or afford high-speed broadband, the team behind YouVersion’s Bible app recently launched an app that doesn’t need a connection.

Designed for users in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, the Bible App Lite is a space-saving app that, once downloaded, can be used entirely offline. It still includes YouVersion’s key features: the Bible reader, audio Bibles, verses of the day, and prayers.

So far, more than four million people have downloaded the lite version of the app, and it has reached the top 10 in the Google Play store in 17 African countries and the No. 1 spot in Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, according to YouVersion.

Globally, more than a billion people don’t have access to affordable broadband internet, according to a 2020 report published by the Alliance for Affordable Internet. Though mobile broadband prices are dropping, Africa remains the region with the least access, the report found.

While most towns have internet connectivity, many of Africa’s rural areas still struggle with it, said Kevin Muriithi Ndereba, a lecturer at St Paul’s University and a pastor in Kenya.

He told CT that sermons, Bible plans, and Bible commentaries can be difficult to retrieve online. He listens to Bible podcasts only to have them cut off midway through his drives.

Muriithi Ndereba has encouraged “offline pastors” to remember their pastoral care does not depend on whether their phone has a strong internet connection. “Do not be anxious about your lack of technological tools,” he wrote for The Gospel Coalition Africa in 2020. “Do not fear the unfamiliar online platforms.”

Ministries have worked to provide Bible resources to Christians in Africa in a variety of formats, including radio and TV broadcasts, audio Bible players, and e-readers. The app offers the searchability and ease of online Bibles but with content that can be downloaded to be available offline.

A handout photo shows the Bible App Lite displaying Psalm 35 in Malagasy, the language of Madagascar.
A handout photo shows the Bible App Lite displaying Psalm 35 in Malagasy, the language of Madagascar.

YouVersion heard positive feedback from early users involved in the app’s pilot program in Africa last year. One called it the best Bible available without data, and another shared how he read the Bible for the first time because of the app.

YouVersion, developed by Life.Church in Oklahoma, partnered with the global Bible ministry Biblica to create the lite app.

“For most of us in the developed world, always-on data is a fact of life. We barely think about how much data a particular app consumes, or if we will have a reliable cellphone connection,” said Mark Finzel, Biblica’s vice president of digital innovation. “This is not the reality for much of the developing world. Internet speeds and costs vary significantly from one country to another.”

The goal was to give users as many features as possible without requiring mobile data. “The freedom of offline functionality is key,” he said.

Beyond Africa, Bible App Lite has since launched in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh, with plans to expand to additional countries in the next few months.

“Our desire is to reach every person, in every part of the world, with God’s Word in their heart language,” said Bobby Gruenewald, YouVersion’s founder and CEO, in a statement. “This new app enables us to reach tens of millions of new people that were difficult to reach with the media-rich Bible App.”

News

Train Up a Child: Ukraine’s Christian Schools Model Wartime Education

Evangelical-led movement offers family atmosphere and biblical values increasingly attractive to the beleaguered nation.

What remains of a school that was hit by a Russian cruise missile in Ukraine.

What remains of a school that was hit by a Russian cruise missile in Ukraine.

Christianity Today June 22, 2023
Christopher Furlong / Staff / Getty

As air raid sirens blared down the hallways, Tetiana Garkun hurried her middle school students outside the My Horizons Christian School campus into the designated bomb shelter.

Located in Khmelnytsky, 200 miles southwest of Kyiv, Ukraine’s capital, the school’s children moved in orderly fashion—a sign of how accustomed they’ve become to Russian missiles targeting military installations in nearby Lviv.

They prayed, waited for the all-clear signal, and returned to their Bible class.

Garkun’s own children, daughters aged 16 and 17, were similarly composed. Confident high schoolers who only a few years earlier were sharing their faith in Ukraine’s secular education system, they follow after their great-grandfather, a Pentecostal pastor sentenced to death by magistrates in the Soviet Union.

Times have changed, as have education authorities.

“The government encourages us to teach our students how to be Christians and live godly lives,” said Garkun. “They see that we are needed in these horrible days.”

She had earlier led the students in a discussion prompted by the official state health education curriculum: What helps us live a long life?

Model answers included a good diet, avoiding smoking, and participation in sports. But amid war, these answers no longer apply, she said, and even her prepared integration of Christian material hardly satisfied her own soul. In years past, she recited Ecclesiastes 7:17: “Do not be overwicked, and do not be a fool—why die before your time?”

However, she pondered, what about when the righteous are killed by Russian evil?

“When we follow God’s rules and truth, we lead happier and healthier lives,” Garkun said. “But I am honest. I have doubts. And I let the children know it is okay—we can be sincere with God.”

Daily devotions, regular chapel, and close-knit relations have helped sustain a teaching staff struggling to manage massive disruptions to work and family life. Garkun said her best friend, an Orthodox Ukrainian, has grown deeper in her faith since she joined the Christian school.

But across the nation, 54 percent of teachers state they need psychological support, while 61 percent of children show symptoms of severe stress. Over 3,000 schools have been damaged, with more than 400 destroyed.

Only 28 percent of students remain in full-time, in-person education.

My Horizons provides counselors and is able to remain open because of its readily accessible bomb shelter. Schools lacking such safety are required to teach online, said Tatiana Chumakova, director of the International Alliance for the Development of Christian Education (known by its Ukrainian acronym, MAPXO in Cyrillic characters or MARHO in English). So are all schools in Ukraine’s eastern and southern regions, closer to the frontlines.

But so far, God has protected the burgeoning Ukrainian Christian school movement, she added. Despite being in nearly every big city, not one of her alliance’s 40 institutions has joined the tallies of physical damage.

But this is not true of the war’s human toll.

Countless students have been displaced, with many reenrolling in MAPXO schools in the west. The director of Word of Life School in Lviv was killed on the frontlines while serving as a paramedic. And Chumakova’s own story is shrouded in trauma, dating back to 2014.

While working then at Gloria Christian School in Donetsk, she said, Russian soldiers stormed the campus and gave everyone 20 minutes to leave. The facilities were then given to the local separatist movement and turned into a military base.

For the next eight years, the civil conflict divided the nation along a mostly stable line of contact, until Russia’s February 2022 invasion exploded hostilities once again. Today, she said, nearly 10 percent of Ukraine’s more than 15,000 schools are located in occupied territory.

And the rest hear constant air raid sirens.

“It is difficult to conduct school activities when there are constant rocket attacks,” Chumakova said. “Our only desire is that the Russians leave, and stop killing the civilian population of Ukraine.”

Having relocated to Kyiv, in 2016 she was invited to lead MAPXO. It formed in part because one year earlier the European branch of the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI) was pushed by the conflict to close its headquarters in the Ukrainian capital, shifting instead to Budapest.

At that time, Christian schools existed but could not be known as religious. Keeping a secular system after its 1991 independence from the Soviet Union, Ukraine’s law of education allowed for the establishment of private schools but was subject to the separation of church and state.

Wiggle room developed in 2005, when Ukraine allowed public schools to teach morals and faith in a curriculum designed with the help of the Orthodox church. But in 2015, education that was specifically Christian in character received a boost after authorities decided it was discriminatory to allow secular citizens the right to form schools but to deny the same right to religious citizens.

The education law was amended, and Ukrainian evangelicals took advantage.

By 2021, of 89 specifically religious institutions, 70 were run by Baptists.

“The law was a real miracle of God,” Chumakova said. “But it appears that it is the pastors and parishioners of evangelical churches who think more about the Christian education of their children.”

The MAPXO website advises parents across the interdenominational spectrum. Its statement of faith is orthodox yet broad, while members are asked to be mindful of divisive theological positions. Eight of its schools are run by Greek Catholics, and the organization coordinates a yearly conference where all are welcome.

“Given the pressures and chaos of modern life, and the constant clash of worldviews and values,” the alliance states, “your desire to protect your children is completely justified.”

For Pride month, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Culture, and several leading Ukrainian companies adapted their logos with rainbow colors.

"In Christian schools we seek to live according to God’s Word,” said Iryna Sidliarenko, director of the River of Life school in Kyiv. “We check the curriculum, and teach our students to distinguish good from evil.”

Additionally, said Garkun, many believing parents dislike pre-Christian folklore traditions that enter into secular education.

For example, Didukh is a harvest gathering where people stitch wheat stalks into dolls, understood to host the spirits of ancestors. Kupala Night is a summer solstice wreath-making festival with hints of witchcraft, she said. And even St. Andrew’s Day, celebrating the apostle who brought the gospel to Ukraine, contains traditions that involve divination.

But when CT asked why interest in Christian education is growing, Ukrainian sources did not list such culture-war topics prominent among parent motivations. Alongside believers’ desire for biblical integration, they cited their schools’ focused individual instruction, close cooperation with teachers, and an atmosphere of love and respect.

Many parents enroll after their children suffer bullying elsewhere.

Founded in 1998, River of Life is a K–12 school with grades ranging between 5–15 students. My Horizons has 250 students, capping each class at 18. But the geography of war is pushing their enrollment in opposite directions. Amid widespread displacement, the Kyiv school’s student body is down about 30 percent, while this year the Khmelnytsky campus added 70 children.

Coming from private schools in Kherson, Kharkiv, and Kyiv, new students buttress revenue. My Horizons, said Garkun, has the best reputation in her city, attracting many especially with its strong emphasis on English language instruction.

But while her husband maintains his construction work as a tile layer, her brother had to return his children to public school when his business failed. With an average tuition of $150 per month, Christian education was affordable to the pre-war middle class. Now, many are struggling.

Help came from West Virginia.

After hearing about the conflict in Ukraine, the second-grade class at Wood County Christian School in Williamstown raised $1,000 by collecting quarters. It has contributed to an overall collection of $136,000 donated by ACSI, allowing 5,000 students in over 50 Ukrainian schools to continue their education.

Others provide in-kind help. My Horizons received digital learning tools from Grace Christian School in Raleigh, North Carolina. And by September, MAPXO anticipates receiving Ukrainian-language access to the ACSI Europe Christian School Improvement Platform, worth $5,000 in development expenses.

“God is faithful,” Sidliarenko said. “We keep praying, and see his miracles.”

Two new schools were established during the war. But the blessings have come amid great loss.

Over 450 Ukrainian children have been killed since the war began, with nearly 1,000 injured. Two-thirds of children have been displaced by the war, 1 in 5 of whom have some sort of disability.

Concern for such children entered Garkun’s grammar lesson. The curriculum called only for teaching the modal verb can, so she included those who can’t—as in cannot walk, run, or think as the other children in the class.

What can we do to help them now? she asked. For in heaven, they all again can.

Service projects at the school have included teachers visiting wounded soldiers in the hospital, as students prepare care packages. And within the constraints of their parents’ poverty, they raised money to provide care for a local girl with cancer. And somehow, amid all the national suffering, the student worship team continues its praise.

Garkun’s own daughters named “love” as My Horizon’s distinguishing feature.

“We are blessed as a family to have our kids in such a school,” she said, “to see God everywhere, in everything.”

Editor’s note: CT offers select articles translated into Ukrainian and Russian.

You can also join the 7,800 readers who follow CT on Telegram: @ctmagazine (also available in Chinese and Russian).

News
Wire Story

Hundreds of Nigerian Christians Killed in Recent Attacks

Officials blame fighters targeting “ethnoreligious minorities as well as houses of worship and religious ceremonies.”

A peaceful protest in Nigeria.

A peaceful protest in Nigeria.

Christianity Today June 22, 2023
Courtesy of Baptist Press / Christian Solidarity Worldwide

At least 450 Christians have died in a series of attacks on Christian villages in three northcentral Nigerian states since May, according to reports from religious freedom advocates.

Christian death tolls include at least 300 in several attacks in Plateau state spanning May 15–17, according to reports from Morning Star News (MSN) and CSW (Christian Solidarity Worldwide); more than 100 in attacks spanning May and June in Benue state, MSN and the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) reported; and 43 in Nasarawa state in mid-May, MSN reported.

Tens of thousands were displaced, according to MSN and CSW. Whole villages, dozens of church buildings and thousands of homes reportedly were destroyed. Grain was looted.

MSN quoted Christian leaders in blaming the attacks on militant Fulani herdsmen.

“As our people are fleeing, herders are occupying these areas and grazing freely on our farms,” MSN quoted a press statement signed by Samuel Door and Ephraim Zuai of the Shitile Development Association in Benue. “Though due to the fear of general insecurity it is difficult to move from village to village to gather exact statistics, hordes of lives have been horrendously eliminated in several villages across the land, such that the whole land is thrown into wailing and mourning.”

USCIRF referenced many of the attacks as ethnonationalist in a report it released June 9.

“Nigeria is home to a plethora of armed actors committing violence with dire implications for religious freedom. In several regions of the country assailants have targeted ethnoreligious minorities as well as houses of worship and religious ceremonies with violence,” USCIRF said in the report, “Ethnonationalism and religious freedom in Nigeria,” which referenced violence spanning June 2022 through May.

“In some areas, armed actors include ethnonationalist militias seeking to wrest territorial control from government authority. Ethnonationalist fighters in Nigeria have politicized religion and attacked civilians based on ethnoreligious identity,” USCIRF wrote. “These fighters commit some of the most egregious atrocities and human rights violations of any actors in the country. This is particularly true in northcentral Nigeria, where ethnonationalist fighters affiliated with the predominantly Muslim Fulani community attack vulnerable Christian civilians with impunity.”

But the predominantly Christian Igbo community in southeast Nigeria has also targeted Muslims, USCIRF wrote in its report.

“Additionally in southeast Nigeria, ethnonationalist fighters affiliated with the predominantly Christian Igbo community have at times targeted Muslim civilians as a part of their campaign to secede,” USCIRF said. “In both northern and southeast Nigeria, ethnonationalist fighters have been implicated in attacks against both Muslim and Christian worshippers.”

In the latest attacks on Christian communities, at least four pastors were killed, according to several MSN reports.

On June 4, militant Fulani killed Mangmwos Tangshak Daniel of the Nigeria Baptist Convention in Kantoma village, and Shadrack Ayuba of the Assembly of God Nigeria church in Ntin Kombun village, both in Plateau, MSN said, attributing the report to Timothy Daluk, chairman of the Mangu Local Government Area Chapter of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN).

On May 8 in Benue, militants killed pastor Dominic Dajo of St. Peter Catholic Church in Hirnyam village, and his wife, MSN said. On May 11 in Nasarawa, Fulani killed pastor Daniel Danbeki of the Evangelical Church Winning All in Takalafiya village, MSN said, along with his wife and 41 others in an attack spanning several hours.

Nigerians staged a peaceful protest May 25 in Jos, Plateau, as the attacks continued, CSW reported. The killings have included 130 deaths in 23 communities in the Mangu and Riyom Local Government Areas in Plateau, CSW said. The attacks displaced tens of thousands, destroyed thousands of homes and damaged farmlands and food barns.

CSW press officer Reuben Buhari called the attacks “a sad testament to Nigeria’s incapability to protect its own citizens.”

The attacks follow the killings of more than 200 in Christian areas in Benue and Kaduna state in March and April following Nigeria’s election season.

Kiri Kankhwende, CSW press and public affairs team leader, has called the longterm violence “deeply distressing” but “not at all uncommon” in the region.

“The unaddressed insecurity has now metastasized and constitutes a threat to Nigeria’s territorial integrity, with serious implications for the region, the continent and the wider international community,” Kankhwende said April 18.

In other reports from the region, 16 members of the Bege Baptist Church in the Chikun Local Government area of Kaduna, abducted in May, were released June 4 after a ransom was paid, CSW reported June 6.

The 16 were among 40 abducted from the congregation May 7 by armed Fulani militants, CSW said, but many had managed to escape.

Despite the Fulani ethnicity of the assailants, Muslims contributed to the ransom that included a motorcycle, CSW reported.

“I confirm and give thanks that all 16 are now back home,” CSW quoted John Joseph Hayab, Kaduna state chair of CAN. “We are grateful to the local Muslims who contributed towards the ransom, and pray that from now onwards the two religious communities will work together to bring this painful era of kidnapping, violence and killings to an end.”

Fulani militants are among several violent extremist groups active in Nigeria, including Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province, Christian persecution watchdog Open Doors reported in 2023 in ranking Nigeria as the sixth most dangerous nation for Christians.

Ideas

Can Christians Do Yoga? Indian Believers Weigh In

Contributor

Surveying the spectrum of Christian views on the traditionally Hindu practice, from wellness to spiritual caution.

Narendra Modi, prime minister of India, practices yoga with hundreds of people at the United Nations to mark the International Day of Yoga on June 21, 2023.

Narendra Modi, prime minister of India, practices yoga with hundreds of people at the United Nations to mark the International Day of Yoga on June 21, 2023.

Christianity Today June 21, 2023
Christina Horsten / picture alliance / Getty Images

Today’s observance of the International Day of Yoga, proclaimed by the United Nations since 2015 and led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India during his visit this week to New York, underscores yoga’s global popularity.

Although not a religion, the ancient Eastern practice is mentioned in the sacred scriptures of Hinduism such as the Bhagavad Gita. A Sanskrit word meaning “union” or “yoke,” yoga aims to unite the body, mind, soul, and universal consciousness, allowing its practitioners to experience freedom, peace, and self-realization.

The practice of yoga involves various physical, mental, and spiritual techniques, including breathing exercises, postures, relaxation, chanting, and meditation. Different styles of yoga exist, each with its own focus and approach to achieving a “unitive state.”

The roots of yoga can be traced back to the Rigveda and the Upanishads. One of the most well-known texts is the Yoga Sutras, written by Patanjali around 200 B.C. In this foundational text, the ancient scholar describes yoga as the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.

Yoga holds spiritual significance, aiming to control the mind, attain a detached witness consciousness, and liberate oneself from the cycle of birth and death, as stated on one yoga website.

Since assuming office in 2014, Modi’s government has actively promoted yoga as both a cultural and spiritual practice. Yoga has been a prominent soft power tool for India’s foreign policy.

However, a massive study conducted by the Pew Research Center of almost 30,000 Indian adults found that 6 in 10 said they never practice yoga—including 6 in 10 Hindus. Only 35 percent of respondents reported having “ever” practiced yoga, with 22 percent practicing monthly or less and a mere 7 percent practicing daily.

According to the Pew survey, Hindus were “not the religious group most likely to practice yoga in India.” Jains (62%), Sikhs (50%), and Buddhists (38%) all ranked higher than Hindus (36%), while Muslims (29%) and Christians (24%) in India ranked lower.

Pew found that only 3 percent of Christians practice yoga every day, the least likely of the six religious groups compared. Sikhs (14%) were most likely to be daily practitioners, followed by Buddhists (12%), Jains (11%), Hindus (7%) and Muslims (6%).

Political inclinations also played a role, as 38 percent of Indians with favorable views of Modi’s BJP party reported practicing yoga, while only 31 percent of non-BJP supporters said the same.

While yoga’s spiritual roots lie in Hinduism, a Pew survey conducted in Western Europe asked adults if they considered yoga not just as exercise but also as a spiritual practice. The results indicated that many individuals in Western Europe—a regional median of 26 percent, including 4 in 10 Swedes, Portuguese, and Finns—embraced yoga from a spiritual perspective, acknowledging its significance beyond physical exercise.

CT queried a Hindu professional yoga expert, who has been practicing for eight years and teaching for five, on her view of whether yoga is just exercise or also has spiritual significance.

CT then asked five Christian leaders to answer the question: Is yoga too Hindu for Christians to practice? Their responses are arranged from yes to no:

Pinky Choubey, a Hindu yoga teacher, Noida, Uttar Pradesh:

Yoga certainly has spiritual significance. When you go deeper into the practice of yoga and perform meditation, your senses will develop toward spirituality. It certainly is connected to Hinduism. Whoever follows the Bhagavad Gita gets connected to yoga automatically.

Yoga is far more than just physical exercise; it is spiritual exercise. In the words of Swami Sivananda, “The practice of yoga leads to communion with the Lord. Whatever may be the starting point, the end reached is the same.” Yoga manifests itself as four major paths: Karma, Bhakti, Raja, and Jnana. In Karma yoga, the active aspect of mind is involved; in Bhakti yoga, the emotional aspect; in Raja yoga, the mystical aspect; and in Jnana yoga, the intellectual aspect.

Calling yoga a mere exercise is a shallow definition. Hinduism and yoga are woven together. People are becoming aware of this fact more and more in recent times.

Jaykar Kristi, a former Hindu sadhu (ascetic) who practiced yoga for 10 years before becoming a Christian; now a pastor in Indore, Madhya Pradesh:

Christians should not practice yoga. Yoga means union–so union with who or what?

When we practice yoga, it leads us to become devoid of any thought—that’s the whole purpose. Yoga teaches how to modulate one’s breath. It is based on the control and manipulation of breath and in this way, it aims to achieve thoughtlessness.

But we as Christians pray consciously, as well as in the Spirit, and we pray using our minds. Just as the Bible says in Mark 12: We are called to worship the Lord with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind.

Yoga generally starts with Sun Salutation (Surya Namaskar), which is the practice of worshiping the sun. Christians worship the Creator, not the creation. We bow down before the living God alone.

Sunita Howell, principal, Caleb International School, Gurugram, Harayana:

For me, yoga is definitely a Hindu practice. It stems from an awareness of the Purusha, the supreme power untouched by affliction and its causes. Yoga is practiced with the chanting of “Om” [a sound considered sacred and ancient in Hinduism and other Eastern religions].

Self-awareness leads me to confess that I am a sinner who needs outside help. I receive that help in Jesus alone.

Leela Manasseh, a leader with Global Spiritual Care Networks and Singles Asia, Bengaluru, Karnataka:

Yoga by itself is a form of worship. I know of several Christians who are into yoga and practice it while reciting the Psalms. Personally, I am not for yoga as there are alternate exercises for better health and immunity.

If Christians like to get into yoga, I don’t judge them; but personally I refrain from it.

Dorcas Isaac, retired principal, Mysuru, Karnataka:

I am presently attending three yoga classes per week. I have found that yoga is scientific, and that “Om” is just a sound. Shanti means peace, … [and] yoga exercises make us flexible, active, and energetic. Today yoga is taught in schools as part of physical education and not as part of the Hindu religion.

Several Christians come to my house once a week to join the yoga class. We are all finding the exercises very useful. Even though its origin is in Hinduism, and we are practicing all the asanas (yoga poses), I think it is okay. We recite Bible verses instead of Sanskrit shlokas (stanzas) and mantras.

We don’t think there is anything Hindu about it. We are happy with the results of yoga. We have been doing it now for 3–4 months. We consider yoga as scientific exercise.

Mohit Singh, lay preacher, Methodist Church, Noida, Uttar Pradesh:

I don’t think that yoga is too Hindu for Christians to practice. Any Christian who wishes to take up yoga should be clear about the reasons for opting the same.

In my case, it was purely driven by getting some guided exercise regimen to help me lose weight and get fitter. While there are other options available like Zumba and Pilates dance classes, I found them immoderate for me, while yoga class was more gradual in its approach.

Initially, when I went for the yoga class, I was taken aback to see the instructor and students chanting Om and Gayatri mantra both before and after the class. [Gayatri is the name of the goddess of the Vedic meter in which the verse is composed, and a mantra is a sacred utterance.]

As one of the students I was required to conform to this ritual. However, I did not follow that path and instead remembered my God and prayed to him by calling out his name and asked his guidance in this new venture where I was trying to make my physical body healthier.

I believe that if your intentions are right, God will not feel offended and will provide a way to deal with such tricky situations. While no one forced me to recite any of the mantras, I kept praying to God and performed the exercises that the instructor was describing.

I recollect myself deliberating over the various asanas that are practiced in yoga to be “poses honoring the [Hindu] gods.” However, I continued to do them purely from an exercise point of view and not to please any [Hindu] deity. Hence, I would like to sum it up by saying that as long as our intentions are clear and we do not chant the mantras, it should be okay—for God looks at the heart.

News

Ukrainian Refugees Find Christian Welcome—in Russia

Offering food and shelter, Russian evangelicals are caring for the Donbas’s displaced. But in the face of Ukrainian frustration, dare they offer pastors for its empty pulpits?

A temporary accommodation centre for Ukrainian evacuees in Taganrog, Russia.

A temporary accommodation centre for Ukrainian evacuees in Taganrog, Russia.

Christianity Today June 21, 2023
Anadolu Agency / Contributor / Getty

Disoriented and disheveled, the elderly Ukrainian woman stayed put in her seat. After several hours in a Temporary Accommodation Center (TAC) in Taganrog, Russia, 70 miles east of her month-long basement shelter in Mariupol, Ukraine, officials encouraged her to get on the bus—to somewhere else.

Earlier that day, she had been discovered by Russian soldiers and ushered through a humanitarian corridor to the first processing location east of Mariupol. From there she was dispatched to one of 800 such sites established throughout Russia, which are located anywhere from nearby Rostov to Moscow to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast.

Official papers registered her for temporary residency in Russia and access to its medical system. She was given a warm meal, new clothes, $142 in rubles, and a SIM card—though not a mobile phone. She could apply for citizenship if she desired.

All she wanted was to die.

Grandma, where are you going? Is someone coming to meet you?

No one is coming. Nobody wants me.

You have to go to a shelter. You can’t stay here.

I don’t want to live any longer. I wish I had died in the shelling.

Where are your children, or grandchildren?

I don’t know. They left. I can’t find them.

Government employees had done their duty. But after this exchange, a Russian evangelical volunteer sprang into action. After a few phone calls, she placed the woman with a local church family. The next day, she located the granddaughter.

“When we are genuinely involved in their lives, they see the love of Christ,” said Tanya Ivanenko. “They hug us, kiss us, and remember our names. Against the backdrop of war, we give them a little hope.”

Ivanenko did not provide the care, but she shared the grandmother’s story last year on a Russian evangelical church’s refugee coordination channel on Telegram, the region’s popular messaging app. The communication was verified by Pavel Kolesnikov, former co-chair of the advisory council for the heads of Protestant churches in Russia.

The council oversees relief, including over $3 million donated by affiliated unions, he said, impacting 200,000 Ukrainian refugees.

“The church in the West needs to know we are helping also,” he said. “The effort in Eastern Europe is more visible, but we are doing what we can.”

Since the war began, over 14 million Ukrainians have been displaced from their homes, with 8.2 million escaping abroad. The great majority of them have fled west, with Poland recording 1.6 million refugees and Germany 1 million. Through February, the United States has accepted more than 270,000.

But nearly 2.8 million have gone to Russia. Why would they flee into the arms of their enemy?

It may not have been their choice.

Some simply took the first route to safety, with an estimated 11 million Russians having Ukrainian relatives. But Ukraine has accused Russia of forcibly displacing residents of the Donbas, the eastern region subject to a Moscow-backed separatist conflict since 2014. This includes children, with Kyiv officials saying nearly 8,000 have been deported. A Russian spokesperson said 1,000 Ukrainian minors are receiving care, and that some had been adopted and given citizenship.

“There is certainly a group of people that have been moved out of Mariupol who will not mind being in Russia,” Maria Ivanova from the Helping to Leave Fund, a Russian group created to assist the reluctant, told The Guardian. “But we know of hundreds who were moved against their will. That is extremely worrying.”

Some evangelical pastors, however, have spoken of the mixed feelings of congregants who fled the Donbas before the invasion. Yet many are nonetheless thankful for their lives in Russia, compared to continued life in the embattled region.

Prior to the war, Russia had already established 270 TACs to process similar cases. And prior to 2014, 1.6 million Ukrainians were already living in Russia, primarily as migrant laborers. Within a year of the Donbas conflict, there were a million more. Overall, 800,000 from the region were given Russian passports.

Beyond family and employment, some have an ethnic connection.

A 2021 national survey identified 22 percent of Ukraine’s population as native Russian speakers and 36 percent speaking the language primarily at home. In the western and central regions, 90 percent said they were “Ukrainian,” but only 70 percent said the same in the east and south.

A more limited survey that same year of the capital Kyiv, the Donbas city of Luhansk, Odessa on the Black Sea, and Simferopol in Crimea yielded an array of responses. “Ukrainian citizen” was selected by 37 percent of respondents, while “Russian-speaking citizen of Ukraine” was selected by 34 percent. Nearly 1 in 5 (18%) simply said “Russian.”

Donbas residents may have been disproportionately inclined to flee east.

Ukraine’s 1991 referendum on independence from the Soviet Union tallied an overall 92 percent yes vote. But even as then-president Boris Yeltsin did not oppose Ukrainian separation, support dropped to 84 percent in the Donbas oblasts of Luhansk and Donetsk. Counting the local electorate to measure apathy or boycott, regional support for independence fell further to 68 and 64 percent, respectively.

Donbas is a shortened phrase for “Donets Coal Basin” and served as an industrial center throughout the USSR. Its major cities were founded by a Scot and a Welshman in the 19th century. Official policy relocated Russians to the ethnic republics, while others came specifically to work in the steel factories.

After independence, the local economy shrank as Ukraine struggled to build a national political identity inclusive of its Russians, Tatars, Jews, Bulgarians, and Romanians.

“We were not insistent enough in promoting a national culture back then,” said Nadiyka Gerbish, a celebrated Ukrainian author. “There were economic and spiritual initiatives, but when the war broke out, I wished we had done more.”

After 2014, a sense of urgency pushed Gerbish and many others to address root issues within the Russian-backed separatist conflict. Living in Ternopil, 265 miles west of Kyiv, she reached out to local libraries in the Donbas. The government-backed Ukrainian Book Institute sponsored initiatives in its non-occupied areas. And celebrities, artists, and businesses launched cultural festivals in the border regions.

Her own writing turned toward refugees—comprehensively. My Name is Miriam tells of an Iraqi Kurdish family in Europe, who at Christmas learns of another refugee child named Isa, the Muslim name for Jesus.

Her book is now incorporated into the national curriculum, and a percentage of royalties are donated to buy books for the internally displaced in Donetsk and Luhansk. And since the Russian invasion, 10,000 copies are being printed for free distribution to Ukrainian refugee children in Eastern Europe.

“I deliberately chose a ‘far-away’ perspective to help Ukrainians welcome their Donbas countrymen,” Gerbish said. “Now it applies to all of us.”

Moscow, however, painted the Ukrainian efforts to preserve and enhance the unity of the Donbas as suppression of its Russian minorities. Agreements in 2014 and 2015 that were coordinated with the European Union and signed in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, created space for self-governance once fighting ceased—but it never did.

Each side blamed the other, while observers blamed both.

But it was the promotion of the Ukrainian language that drew the ire of some in the Donbas.

A 2012 law gave regional status to minority languages for use in courts, schools, and other government institutions, in places where minority populations reached a 10 percent threshold.

The law was replaced in 2019, however, to require the use of Ukrainian in nearly all aspects of public life, while media outlets were made to include Ukrainian versions alongside minority languages. Exceptions were allowed for several ethnic communities, English, and other European languages.

Russian was excluded.

Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, a native Russian speaker, has warned that the war will further undermine the language, associating it forever with “explosions, murders, and crimes.”

But in Russia, many refugees have a different association.

“These children had their childhood stolen from them, but they have an amazing ability to recover and forgive,” said Vera Izotova, director of the Wheat Grain Fund (WGF), serving the Donbas since 2014. “The mothers, though, have bitterness.”

Inspired by Jesus’ teaching in the Gospel of John, the organization opened in 1993 and has since shared the Good News with over 300,000 children throughout Russia. Izotova was born in Ukraine, and as a 19-year-old college student was sent to a mental hospital by Soviet authorities for her faith. Eventually released, as an adult, she chose to stay in Russia as a witness while most of her family emigrated to the US.

Dedicated particularly to disadvantaged people and special needs children, WGF has worked in 11 former Soviet republics and Mongolia. Previous outreach to contested areas include the 1991–1994 Georgia civil war and the two Chechnya conflicts between 1994 and 2003.

Izotova supports the Minsk Agreements, and a federal solution for Ukraine is reasonable, she believes.

But it is spiritual salve that WGF says it brings into areas of political dispute. In each, it preaches reconciliation, bringing the same message to the TAC in Taganrog. Amid aid distributed to refugees in need, its workers put on a Good Samaritan puppet show for children and mothers.

Due to Ukraine’s “anti-terrorism operation” in the Donbas, Izotova heard many stories about children spending months in their basement shelters—long before Russia’s 2022 “special military operation.” WGF gave them a chance to play, while marionettes asked the biblical question: Who is your neighbor?

“The Ukrainian is your neighbor,” Izotova said, conveying the puppets’ answer. “It is a very hard message, but in need of peace and healing, this is the first step in burying the hatred.”

The Russian Baptist Union spoke similarly in an address to Vladimir Putin at its quadrennial congress last year in May, themed “The World Needs Christ.” Assuring the Russian president of their prayers, they also petitioned God for the “early establishment of peace” in Ukraine.

“Lack of brotherly love and disregard for God's commandments leads people to mutual hatred and enmity,” delegates said. “The recipe for healing the evil that corrodes the human soul … is reflected in [our congress’s] motto.”

The speech noted Baptist efforts in international peacemaking, the upholding of family values, and the provision of assistance to “refugees from Ukraine, and all those affected by military action.”

Gerbish appreciates the help given the needy. But she rejects overtures of reconciliation, crafting a critical metaphor to call instead for repentance.

“If a church wants to help orphans, it shouldn’t kill the parents,” she said. “If Russian evangelicals want to help, they should do what is possible—however small or discreet—to stop the war that creates these refugees.”

Indeed, beyond Christian charity, Russia sees its humanitarian outreach as an extension of its “special military operation.”

“Every day we see reports from the war front,” said Olga Timofeeva, parliament chair for the Development of Civil Society, Public, and Religious Associations. “But I want to say that … helping refugees, many of whom are children, is the spiritual front, and just as important today.”

Sergei Ryakhovsky, head of Russia’s largest Pentecostal union, echoed her remarks.

“We have a clear Christian mission for our peoples in Russia and Ukraine,” he stated. “Serving those going through pain and suffering, and giving them hope.”

His denominational church in Penza, 700 miles northeast of Taganrog, is ministering to 1,600 refugees from the Donbas. Essential aid is provided, but also entertainment.

The medium and message, however, were different than Izotova’s scriptural focus. Children watched the film My Terrible Sister, in which two siblings overcome mutual dislike and eventually realize they cannot live without the other.

“To some extent, this embodies what is happening today between the peoples of Russia and Ukraine,” said Sergey Kireev, the Pentecostal pastor in Penza. “But the children hardly drew that line. They just drank lemonade, ate popcorn, and were happy—which means we accomplished our mission.”

This is a mission some Russian Pentecostals extend to the front lines, praying for soldiers and distributing New Testaments. And recently, it includes consideration of placing new pastors in empty churches. Ryakhovsky estimates that up to 25 percent of the occupied Donbas is evangelical, but as pastors fled, their congregations—especially women and children—were left behind.

“We are not your enemy, trying to cause you more pain,” Kolesnikov said of evangelical colleagues in the area. “Whatever the situation is now, we will listen first and then provide any spiritual support we can.”

Located in Zelenograd, a Moscow suburb, as general secretary of the All-Union Commonwealth of Evangelical Christians, he is taking stock of pastorless fellowships in the Donbas region. Should it become necessary, he will explore how to link them with sister denominations in Russia.

He sees a developing similarity to the re-registration required of houses of worship after the annexation of Crimea. But however Russians and Ukrainians differently consider the territory, its churches needed new licensing or they would have been lost, he said. Donbas may or may not require the same, pending the outcome of the war. But pastoral care is needed now.

“They are God’s churches,” Kolesnikov said. “Godly pastors can serve them selflessly, and then give them back.”

Kolesnikov knows this will not satisfy Ukrainians, who want clear denunciation of the war. As the Lausanne codirector in Eurasia, he tells them that only God can stop it, even if all Russian evangelicals rallied against it. But consistent with their heritage, most keep separate from the state and politics.

He hopes for reconciliation, viewing the war as a test for the global church.

“We have to pray for each other,” Kolesnikov said, “and keep our unity.”

And continue to help the vulnerable. The Catholic charity Caritas is assisting refugees sent onward from Taganrog, including to Novosibirsk, 2,300 miles away. Among foreign-linked Protestants, Rick Renner Ministries works through the Good News church in Moscow.

These contributions by evangelicals have drawn recognition in Russia, including favorable reports on local television. Inside the TAC, volunteers limit their witness to loving service and answering questions. But alone, while facilitating refugees’ safe arrival to relatives, they share the gospel and offer to connect them to local churches.

Many have told them: We weren’t expecting this treatment. You treat us differently. You must be Christians.

And sometimes, a believer will bless them back.

As church volunteers escorted a 76-year-old Ukrainian woman to their congregation in southern Russia, she shared her faith in Jesus as they sang hymns together. Exhibiting no bitterness, she told of her basement shelter, severe shortages of food and water, and painful blisters on her feet.

From there, the team purchased train tickets for her to meet her sons in Sochi. Tears of joy flowed as the family connected by telephone after a month with no news or contact. And as they parted, the grandmother urged the volunteers to memorize the Psalms, which sustained her throughout her ordeal.

“God alone saved me, but look how much he loves me,” she said. “After all, he sent me you.”

Editor’s note: CT offers select articles translated into Ukrainian and Russian.

You can also join the 7,800 readers who follow CT on Telegram: @ctmagazine (also available in Chinese and Russian).

Theology

Et Tu, Ahithophel? The Cautionary Tale of King David’s Adviser

When trusted counselors go bad, churches pay a heavy price.

Christianity Today June 21, 2023
Illustration by Christianity Today / Source Images: WikiMedia Commons / Getty

Evangelical churches do not have an official or formally recognized pope. But there are individuals in churches whose counsel is received as if it is from God himself, even if they do not hold top leadership positions.

In King David’s life, this influential individual was Ahithophel, his trusted counselor. When David’s son, Absalom, planned a treacherous rebellion against his father, Ahithophel entered the picture as a minor character with a major role in 2 Samuel 15:12.

Most of us would expect Ahithophel to offer morally righteous guidance to the royal family. Instead, he told Absalom to sleep with his father’s concubines and even volunteers to embark on a covert mission to murder David.

As a pastor in the Philippines, I have encountered several modern-day Ahithophels in ministry. On the one hand, they may offer biblical, ethical advice that helps the church to grow spiritually. On the other hand, they may pursue hidden agendas and perpetuate disorder and dysfunction within a congregation. These damaging effects to the church are exacerbated when people constantly defer to their wishes and desires. Consequently, pastors and church leaders may make decisions not because they are the best course of action to undertake but because they are what a particular person of influence wants.

Some of the Ahithophels in our churches today may be influential because they are major donors. Others may have such a likable and charismatic personality that everyone is drawn to listen to their counsel, even if they may not have the wisest opinion or an accurate diagnosis of the problem.

Through Ahithophel’s life story in Scripture, we get a glimpse of what happens when we place too much trust in such “godly” advisers—especially when their words become less and less in line with God’s will.

Frightful folly

Little is known about Ahithophel, whom Scripture describes as King David’s counselor and Jehoiada and Abiathar’s predecessor (1 Chron. 27:33–34). As Jehoiada is a chief priest (1 Chron. 27:5), and Abiathar is a priest (1 Sam. 23:9), it is likely that Ahithophel is also a member of a priestly clan and serves as God’s representative and spokesperson. No wonder David and Absalom sought him as a counselor.

Securing Ahithophel’s support for his rebellion helps Absalom draw many followers to his cause (2 Sam. 15:12). The ambitious prince must have known the extent of Ahithophel’s influence, because he makes sure that Ahithophel will participate in his treasonous plans.

Scripture is silent about why Ahithophel betrays David and supports Absalom’s devious scheme. Maybe he was disgruntled with David’s leadership, or maybe Absalom offered him something he could not turn down. The only thing we know for certain is that Absalom handpicks Ahithophel as a coconspirator (2 Sam. 15:31).

David, however, has a long list of valiant warriors on his side. Why would Absalom choose Ahithophel over them?

The answer lies in a short description of Ahithophel: “Now in those days the advice Ahithophel gave was like that of one who inquires of God. That was how both David and Absalom regarded all of Ahithophel’s advice.” (2 Sam. 16:23)

The royal family’s deep-seated trust in Ahithophel can only have arisen out of a long track record of giving wise and godly advice. Absalom held so much respect for Ahithophel that he wanted the counselor’s support. David looked so highly to Ahithophel that he dreaded the fact that his counselor had sided with Absalom. All David could do was pray in desperation, “Lord, turn Ahithophel’s counsel into foolishness.” (15:31)

Ahithophel’s subsequent advice to Absalom shows how God answers David’s prayer. The counselor goes from being God’s representative to becoming a parodic prophet when he tells Absalom to sleep with his father’s concubines so that “all Israel will hear that you have made yourself obnoxious to your father, and the hands of everyone with you will be more resolute.” Absalom gladly engaged in these immoral acts (16:21–22).

What went wrong here? Was Ahithophel unaware of God’s moral standards?

In my view, Ahithophel’s counsel is simply a means to an end. Absalom’s illicit behavior is not about satisfying his sexual appetite, but about displaying power and showing the people of Israel who truly wields it.

Absalom’s actions make him odious before his father. David cannot do anything but flee for safety and ask God to thwart Ahithophel’s plans. This suggests that, at this stage, David is no longer able to address his son’s betrayal publicly because he no longer possesses the power to hold Absalom accountable for what he has done.

What is most troubling is that Ahithophel seems to have no qualms about advising Absalom to engage in sin, all for the sake of displaying power in hopes of getting Israel’s support. Ahithophel’s willingness to compromise moral standards shows that no one is immune to the temptation to acquire power and influence, regardless of the cost.

Fatal consequences

Besides acting as a mouthpiece for immorality, Ahithophel exemplifies how damaging hubris can be. When the counselor volunteers to lead an army to pursue and attack David while he is “weary and weak,” Absalom and Israel’s elders consider this a “good” plan (2 Sam. 17:1–3).

Ahithophel now presumes that he can lead an army to fight against Israel’s best warriors and appears to regard King David as prey to be hunted down. Here, he seems to have overestimated his capabilities to lead an army against what is arguably Israel’s best and most experienced soldiers.

While Absalom is conspiring with Ahithophel, David asks his friend, Hushai the Arkite, to stay in the king’s palace to alert him of any impending danger (2 Sam. 15:32–37). Unexpectedly, Absalom reaches out to Hushai to seek his counsel on the best way to defeat his father (2 Sam. 17:5).

Hushai says that Ahithophel’s advice is “not good” because David and his men are experienced warriors, and Ahithophel and his army will not be able to defeat them. Instead, he encourages Absalom to gather all of Israel, lead them into battle, and ambush David.

The errant prince and his cronies experience a change of heart: “The advice of Hushai the Arkite is better than that of Ahithophel” (2 Sam. 17:14).

In convincing Absalom to adopt his plan over Ahithophel’s, Hushai is trying to protect the king. As an added precaution, Hushai sends messengers to warn David of the threat on his life, and the king manages to escape death when he crosses the Jordan River at night instead of remaining in the wilderness (vv. 15–16, 22).

After learning that Absalom chose to support and follow Hushai’s advice, Ahithophel takes his own life (v. 23). Suicide may seem like an excessive response to having his counsel rejected. But Ahithophel may have done so upon realizing that he would not have influence over Absalom if the latter became king. That Absalom chose to follow Hushai’s advice instead may have added to Ahithophel’s humiliation. Also absent in Ahithophel’s response is repenting and seeking forgiveness from King David.

Scripture beseeches us to “do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit” (Phil. 2:3), but our actions and decisions sometimes reflect self-aggrandizement, desire for control, and unrepentant hearts. Like Ahithophel, we may place our yearning for power—consciously or otherwise—above morality, ethics, national interest, people’s safety, loyalty, and friendship.

Beyond face value

Ahithophel’s life trajectory shows us that power and influence are like perfume: A little of it can make us smell good, but once we start ingesting it, we are poisoning ourselves. Someone described as a “man of God” is not immune to being tempted by and grasping for power. A trusted adviser’s lust for power may engender disastrous results, not only for himself or herself, but also for the congregations he or she is a part of.

The Ahithophels in our churches may be wise guides who shepherd us in love and lead us toward joyfully obeying God’s plans and purposes. Or they may act as wicked puppeteers who can significantly change a church’s direction in order to fulfill their own agenda. As CT’s editor in chief Russell Moore writes, “When the calling outweighs the thirst for power, the result can be very good. But when the will to power is stronger, the result can be terrible.”

The Word of God is infallible, but those who teach and interpret it are not. I encourage fellow pastors and church leaders who seek wisdom from the Ahithophels in their midst to be grounded in God’s Word and to continually cultivate the gift of spiritual discernment. Those who listen must listen cautiously, like the Bereans who “examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true” (Acts 17:11).

If you serve as an Ahithophel in your church, I exhort you to constantly examine whether your words are consistent with God’s teaching and whether you are free from any selfish agendas. Those who speak into church leaders’ ears, minds, and hearts have the power to influence for good or evil, and this power can easily be abused.

Ahithophel’s story need not be ours. Misguided counsel, moral failure, or betrayal can be addressed in ways that bring life rather than death. This begins with genuine repentance for the hurt caused by our wrongdoing to fellow believers and the church. If you have wandered in the ways of Ahithophel, hold onto what Proverbs 24:16 says: “Though the righteous fall seven times, they rise again.”

Samson Uytanlet has been involved in pastoral and teaching ministry in the Philippines for more than 25 years. Books he has written include Matthew: A Pastoral and Contextual Commentary and Manual for Sojourners: A Study on Peter’s Use of Scripture and Its Relevance Today.

Theology

Imagine Dragons More Biblically

The Chinese boat festival reminds us that Revelation’s serpent transcends Western and Eastern cultural concepts, say Asian biblical scholars.

A team participating in the international Dragon Boat Festival rows past several empty dragon boats.

A team participating in the international Dragon Boat Festival rows past several empty dragon boats.

Christianity Today June 20, 2023
Patrick Lin / Stringer / Getty

Most times, you hear the dragon boats before you see them.

Jumanji-style drum beats fill the air, pounding out a steady rhythm as a 20-strong crew paddles in sync on long, sleek boats in a bid to outrace one another. But the intensity of these competitions aren’t the only eye-catching feature during the Dragon Boat Festival, which takes place on the fifth day of the fifth month in the lunar calendar and falls on June 22 this year.

The boats’ visually arresting designs also play a part in enticing crowds of curious onlookers. Every boat bears a fierce-looking dragon head on its bow, with two horns, piercing eyes, and a wide-open mouth filled with sharp teeth.

Most Chinese Christians do not see any issue with observing or participating in the Dragon Boat Festival, whether through the boat races or in eating savory, sticky rice dumplings known as zongzi (粽子). However, they may regard dragons negatively because of how these fabled creatures are depicted in Scripture.

It’s important to dispel misconceptions about these mythical beings in Chinese culture and develop a fuller understanding of what dragons in the Bible refer to, the biblical scholars CT interviewed say.

Chinese people often have furniture or jewelry bearing images of dragons, as they symbolize prosperity, luck, blessing, and wisdom in Chinese culture. The fantastical beasts are also emblems of imperial power: Chinese emperors were described as “the dragon” and often wore a robe emblazoned with a dragon to represent their “divine and omnipotent rule.”

But some pastors in Malaysia and Hong Kong, as well as at Chinese churches in the US, tell believers to destroy these items because they are evil, says K. K. Yeo, a New Testament professor at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, who was born and raised in Borneo, Malaysia. Christians whose Chinese names contain the character long (龙) for dragon may even be encouraged to change them.

“Assuming that the Revelation 12 dragon is Western and reading the Western meaning of ‘dragons’ into the Chinese dragon is a major flaw in biblical interpretation,” Yeo said. “This is a misunderstanding, and therefore a simplistic way of condemning Chinese culture flat out.”

Wordplay

In the Chinese Union Version (CUV) of the Bible, the character long (龙) for the word dragon appears 138 times. In the Old Testament, it is typically found in transliterations of biblical names such as Absalom (押沙龙), says Chee-Chiew Lee from the School of Theology (Chinese) at Singapore Bible College.

The character is mostly used to represent dragon in the Book of Revelation. In the CUV, it appears in verses that mention the red dragon (12:3), the beast with two horns that speaks like a dragon (13:11), and when an angel catches the dragon—also described as an ancient serpent or a devil—and binds him for a thousand years (20:2).

Only one Bible translation, the Worldwide Chinese Version, uses the Mandarin characters for the phrase evil snake (魔蛇) instead of dragon in Revelation, Lee said.

To accurately grasp what Scripture refers to when speaking of dragons, we have to recognize that the Bible was situated in ancient Near East culture, the biblical scholars interviewed by CT emphasized.

In such a polytheistic environment, a god often battles with—and defeats—an opponent that is usually portrayed as a serpent. A Babylonian myth, for example, records the god Marduk fighting with the serpentine sea goddess Tiamat, while a Canaanite Ugaritic tale shows the god Baal at loggerheads with Lotan, a seven-headed sea monster whose name means “coiled.”

In the King James Version, the Hebrew word tannîn is translated as dragon in verses like Jeremiah 51:34 and Nehemiah 2:13. The Hebrew word livyāṯān appears in the Greek Septuagint as either ophis or drakon, and the latter word may be one reason why these ancient beasts became known as “dragons” in English, says Lee.

“The problem when translating [these words] as ‘dragon’ is that you think of the medieval dragon, not the Jewish serpent,” Lee said. “The medieval dragon has wings. In the Hebrew tradition, it has no wings and no feet. It’s more like a snake than a lizard. It doesn’t have fire spewing from its mouth.”

Readers of Chinese versions of Scripture may also see dragons through a cultural lens.

In Chinese mythology, dragons have scaly, slinky bodies and are wingless, although male dragons have the ability to fly to the heavens and cause rain to occur. (Female dragons oversee earthly water bodies.) Dragons exist in many different realms—from the sky to the sea and the underworld—and exert control over them.

Protestant translators wanted Chinese believers to leave the potentially idolatrous aspect of culture behind, and so connected long to negative imagery in the CUV, which was published in 1919. But an accurate reading of long in Scripture requires understanding that there are two senses in translation, Lee says.

The first involves a translation of language: In English and Chinese Bibles, the words dragon and long, respectively, are different symbols and represent different mythic animals. The second refers to a translation of culture, wherein a symbol that denotes something in one culture need not be totally equivalent in another culture.

For example, said Lee, “If, in the Chinese culture, receiving a gift means you need to open it after your giver leaves, it doesn’t translate that all cultures must do the same.”

For believers, this all means that the biblical symbol of the snake or serpent as evil does not imply that dragons in Chinese culture are evil.

“The Chinese understanding of ‘dragon’ is different from the ancient Near Eastern [understanding], which is used in the Bible. These are two civilizations that are not the same,” Yeo said. Instead, he suggests understanding long as er long (恶龙), or “evil dragon,” to bring out a clearer understanding of the beast in Revelation.

Fallacious assumptions

One danger in always reading long as a representation of evil can occur when Chinese Christians reject their culture in its entirety, Asian biblical scholars say.

“Without learning the hermeneutics of metaphors and symbols, people tend to equate symbols with reality or ontology rather than [seeing] symbols as cultural expressions,” Lee explains. “Symbols are dependent on their culture, and their use in that culture is rather fixed.”

In her Mandarin-language seminary courses, Lee uses examples of common cultural customs to demonstrate how symbols are imbued with meaning from their particular cultures. The giving of red packets during the Lunar New Year signifies a festive season in Chinese culture, but when it comes to other local celebrations like Hari Raya Puasa (what Eid al-Fitr is known as in Singapore), people exchange green packets, not red, because the color green symbolizes “paradise, eternity, and wisdom” in Islam.

In China, such misconceptions about Scripture and culture were more pervasive in the 1980s and ’90s, says Zhang San, a pastor in Shanghai (he is using a pseudonym for security reasons). Christians in China refrained from wearing clothes with dragon imagery and did not participate in dragon boat festivals. Many also refused to sing a popular patriotic song, “Descendants of the Dragon,” because they felt that believers were not descendants of Satan, who is referred to as a dragon in Revelation 20:2.

This is no longer an issue for churches in China today because of improvements in biblical literacy, says Zhang. Besides understanding that tannîn is used to describe various sea creatures like whales, crocodiles, and serpents, churches in the country have also moved from more literal to more allegorical expositions of Revelation.

Another danger in understanding long as evil may arise when this interpretation results in a “very distorted sense of eschatology,” said Yeo. Upon rejecting Chinese culture by deeming it evil and thinking that it will be ultimately destroyed, some might think that Western culture is better, whether consciously or subconsciously, Yeo says.

This perception of the West’s superiority is problematic to Yeo: “All cultures have their good points. All are also fallen. Once you have a comparative superior-inferior culture, you are going to have ethnocentrism, racism, nationalism, and a colonial mentality.”

Salvific connections

These misconceptions may persist in some parts of Asia. But Chinese Christians don’t see any conflict with their faith when participating in the Dragon Boat Festival, because the event has cultural and historical roots rather than religious ones, Yeo says.

At the same time, Christians do not have a reputation for evangelizing during the Dragon Boat Festival. Zhang, the Shanghai pastor, attributes this lack of engagement among Christians in China to the country’s rapid urbanization and strong atheistic education, which has “removed and cleaned the existence of civil religion.”

“Compared to urbanized China, the Chinese diaspora in Taiwan, Malaysia, and Hong Kong has a more ‘thick’ culture of superstition and religion” to differentiate them from other segments of society, said Zhang.

Churches also tend to be more active during another event in the lunar calendar, the Hungry Ghost Festival, because of its Buddhist and Taoist roots and because it often engenders fear of evil spirits and questions around mortality, Yeo says.

Nevertheless, Chinese Christians can explore using the origin story for the Dragon Boat Festival as an opening for the gospel.

While some say this tradition arose because of superstitious villagers in China who worshiped a dragon god and held dragon boat races to fend off misfortune and seek divine blessing, most Chinese people attribute the event’s origins to royal advisor Qu Yuan’s heroic patriotism.

Qu Yuan was a poet and political figure in the third-century state of Chu, or ancient China. During the period of the Warring States, Qu Yuan warned his king that neighboring state Qiu was a threat to Chu. The king failed to heed his advice and banished him instead. Upon seeing his homeland descend into turmoil, a despairing Qu Yuan took his own life by drowning in the Mi Luo River.

One version of this account says that farmers took dragon boats out on the water to save Qu Yuan’s life, while another says that rice dumplings were thrown into the river to feed fish and a river dragon, thereby preventing his body from being consumed.

Many Chinese people regard Qu Yuan as a beloved figure who transcends “the simple story of his self-sacrifice, coming to represent the very embodiment of patriotism.” Chinese believers, however, can take Qu Yuan’s story a step further by teasing out its connections with Christian themes.

“The biblical narrative provides us with a larger, more persuasive narrative on why a heroic event is not simply about Chinese history but has Christian faith motifs connected with it,” Yeo said. “In the Christian sense, he is like a prophetic figure standing for justice and people’s rights.”

Believers can use Qu Yuan’s heroism as a means of pointing toward the Christian idea of martyrdom, which talks of dying for God in pursuit of justice, love, and fidelity, Yeo added. Stories like these can also raise valuable questions about the relationship between Chinese history and Christian faith: “That’s the kind of work the church should do, linking the two rather than a dualistic, binary thinking.”

When reading and sharing about long in Scripture, Chinese Christians can do this well by deepening their understanding of cultural anthropology.

Dragons in Chinese culture convey a desire for security, peace, blessing, joy, and power, and these can be a helpful starting point for believers to share about a yearning for a greater and more enduring hope, Yeo says.

“It all has to do with the biblical understanding of salvation. Find those themes—salvation of God and Christ for humanity—and how the source—God and his Word—can bring about good news.”

Inkwell

There are No Children Named Rahab

Inkwell June 19, 2023
Photography by Sabina Sturzu

There are no children named Rahab.
No one names their daughter Rahab.

Growing up, I knew an Esther.
She had blonde curly hair and was a soprano in the women’s choir.
There was a Faith, also in the choir.

I had a kindergarten teacher named Miss Ruth.

Throughout all my years of childhood birthday parties, elementary school tests, and mindless
scanning as a grocery store cashier – I knew not one Rahab.

Because no one names their daughter Rahab.

I remember being reminded of my own name rather unexpectedly last fall.

I was working as a restaurant hostess late one night.
My fingers twirled the coiled telephone cord as I triple-checked takeout orders and forced banter
with customers growing impatient with wait times.

A woman walked in.
She was dressed in black and wore hiking boots left torn from years of steady use. I remember
the thick smell of cigarettes wafting from her hair as she took it out of its messy ponytail. Her
lips were cracked from the December cold, but her smile was genuine and warm.

We began to talk, and she explained to me that she was delivering food to her daughter who was
on crutches after a sports injury.

“You’re a good mom,” I said.

She offered a small smile and asked me what my name was.

Grace.

She paused for a moment to let the smile spread fully across her cheeks before it stopped at the
wrinkled corners of her eyes.

“Your mom loves Jesus, doesn’t she?”

I remember being struck by the pointedness of her question.

“Yes, she does.”

She pulled out a cheap cross necklace that was hidden under her shirt and toyed with it before
saying, “I love Jesus with all my heart.”

I handed her the takeout orders, and she left.
I clocked out, drove quietly home, and never thought about the interaction again.
It was just a regular Friday night shift.

The memory did not hit me again until this past summer.
There, it met me rather fiercely:
“Your mom loves Jesus, doesn’t she?”

She posed it as a question that had only one possible answer.
As if the two could not possibly be separated from each other.

My mother loves Jesus, therefore she named me Grace.
Because my mother loves Jesus, she named me —her only daughter — Grace.

But there are no children named Rahab.
No one names their daughter Rahab.

Rahab.

A woman of ill profession.
No, say it.
She was a prostitute.
A woman who commodified her body.

Better still, a woman who despite the weight of her sins looked toward God and said, “Here is
my mustard seed of faith,
” and chose to protect the Israelite men.
A Canaanite woman aiding what to her would have been enemy spies.
A harlot hiding those sent from Joshua, Moses’s successor.

Yet there are no children named Rahab.
No one names their daughter Rahab.

Her name is absent from the lips of mothers as they call for their children.
Her significance abandoned by the speakers from the pulpit.
Her occupation admonished by the members of the pew.

Rahab.

A woman mentioned by name in the Gospel of Matthew.
Not Rahab the prostitute, but Rahab the mother of Boaz.
Boaz who married Ruth.
Ruth the mother of Obed.
Obed the father of Jesse.
Jesse the father of King David.

Oh, how good God is.

I propose this: every moment we are not on our knees in awe of Him, we do not understand.

Him, the master storyteller.
Is this not He who took the blemished and broken thread of His people and spun it into gold?
He who looked at the mangled corpse of creation and spoke upon it redemption?

Him, the divine author.
For what man could pen such brilliance?

King David the father of Solomon.
Solomon, whose descendant was Joseph.
Joseph, the father of Jesus.

Oh, how beautiful God is.

And there is Rahab amongst it all.
A member of the lineage of Christ.

The same Christ whose whisper rebuked the winds and whose skin healed the sick.
Is this not Jesus, the Son of God?
He who carried Death upon a splintered cross, yet awoke triumphant on the third day?

That splintered cross, a Roman torture device.
The same cross symbolized in the cheap necklace the woman held when she asked me my name.

Grace.
My mother loves Jesus, so she named me Grace.

Rahab was flawed.
As am I, horrifically so.
I have committed my own sins, and yet cast stones upon others in moments I should have shown
grace.

Ironic, isn’t it?

Yes, she was flawed.
But oh, she was faithful.

I finish with this:

The fall of Eve, the hesitancy of Moses, the refusal of Jonah, the sins of King David, the crimes
of the Apostle Paul — and yet children still bear their names.

There are no children named Rahab.
No one names their daughter Rahab.

Rahab.

Where some may find a scarlet letter, let there be weeping of victory.

Oh, how good God is.
Oh, how beautiful God is.

Grace I. Teater is a freelance writer and journalist. When she is not searching for a new story, she can be found at a used bookstore. This is her first poetry publication.

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