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Legal challenges to the Tampa, Florida-based Greater Ministries International Church are piling up. On January 20, Pennsylvania Judge Eunice Ross granted the state attorney general's request for a sweeping contempt of court order that may cost the ministry millions in fines and jail its leader, Gerald Payne. The contempt ruling also sets the stage for a freedom of religion appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Greater Ministries has operated what it calls a "gift in, gift out" program, which promised that contributors would receive double their money back within 18 months as a takeoff on Jesus' advice on giving in Luke 6:38 (CT, Jan. 11, 1999, p. 16). Its leaders claim to have distributed more than $500 million in such "gifts," to between 20,000 and 80,000 contributors, in all 50 states.

Greater's statements and literature claim that this doubling of gifts has been financed with profits from foreign trading in precious metals and gold mining. No financial reports about its activities have been made public, however, and most payments to donors ceased several months ago.

Securities regulators have called Greater Ministries a Ponzi scheme, and it has been dogged by an escalating series of legal attacks. Calling the gifting program an unregistered investment plan, regulators in California, Ohio, and Pennsylvania have issued cease-and-desist orders against it. Last July, Greater lost an estimated $20 million in the failure of a Colorado bank.

On December 11, two of Greater's California representatives pleaded no contest to state securities violations. Four days later, Florida officials obtained a guilty plea from Jonathan Strawder on grand theft and securities fraud charges. Strawder had been running a spinoff of Greater Ministries called Sovereign Ministries, which also promised to double investors' money (CT, Feb. 8, 1999, p. 14).

JUDGE ISSUES ORDERS: In late January, Pennsylvania's Judge Ross ordered Greater Ministries to refund all contributions to the "gifting" program by Pennsylvania citizens since a preliminary injunction against the program was issued last November. To verify the refunds, the ministry must turn over the names and addresses of all contributors in the state and the amounts they gave. Ross likewise ordered Greater to stop promoting its new herbal food supplement program in the state. The program, Health Benevolence Christian Fellowship, distributes food supplements, which the ministry claims will help users avoid "end-time plagues." All donations made to it in the state are to be refunded.

No firm data on the number of Greater's contributors in Pennsylvania are available, but hundreds are concentrated in the "Dutch country" in and around Lancaster County. Nearly a thousand people crowded into a November meeting in Lebanon, Pennsylvania.

Ross's order imposed two sets of fines: Greater Ministries is to pay $500 daily until written proof of such refunds is furnished to the court. Greater is also to pay an additional fine of $5,000 apiece for every Pennsylvania resident solicited by mail for donations during November and December. Records of all these solicitations are to be furnished to the court. Total fines could easily reach several million dollars.

Ross directed Greater Ministries' founder Gerald Payne to appear in court March 1 to testify about the ministry's compliance with the order or face arrest.

Payne—who did not respond to CT's request for comment—and the ministry are expected to appeal the case. Greater Ministries' attorney, Al Cunningham, sees threats to religious freedom in Pennsylvania's action against the ministry. Cunningham also represents another controversial ministry, the Indianapolis Baptist Temple, which is in a parallel feud with government officials. Cunningham told CT he expects the issues in these cases to reach the U.S. Supreme Court as a way of challenging the Court's 1992 ruling Oregon v. Smith.

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March 1 1999, Vol. 43, No. 3